Fire extinguishing system
Automatic fire extinguishing systems usually have four basic types: water-based wet, water-based dry, non-water-based wet and non-water-based dry.A water-based "wet" system is an ordinary pressurized water system running through an iron conveyance system;It usually runs on its own dedicated water supply line and is separated from other water supply lines in the data center building."Dry" system based on water is usually a loft for warehouse, parking lot, and the slot of power lines, and water through space, such as the heating position of water-based wet system, main remain vacant, but iron pipes to avoid freezing.These pipes are pressurized when activated.Due to water based system (wet and dry) is more effective than other systems, and usually cost is cheaper, so they are widely used frequently, but rarely is believed to be the best choice for data center computer room, because they can damage expensive servers and data can not be replaced.
Water - based systems are usually "wet" chemicals and "dry" chemicals."Wet" chemical systems (including foams and gels) are mainly used in commercial cigarette hoods to inhibit grease, oil and electrical fires;Because "wet" foam and gels damage printed files, cables and computer files, they are rarely used in other parts of the building.However, some of the "dry" chemical systems are usually designed to deliberately leave a sticky residue (to help put out the embers), it is good in some cases, it is certainly not for a data center server.Other dry chemical systems are not designed to leave lasting residue, so they are widely used as "cleaners".The national fire protection agency (NFPA) will this kind of cleaner is defined as "not conductive, volatile, or when the evaporation will not leave a residue in the form of gas fire extinguishing agent" - so many in the industry prefers to be used for data to the server room in the center of the fire extinguishing system.
Set safe exit
The setting of safe exit is to ensure that when a fire accident occurs in the data center building, the relevant staff can escape the safe escape route of the burning building as soon as possible.It often has a fireproof enclosure (including firewalls, fire staircases and fire floors/ceiling components);At the same time, these safe escape routes often use such guidance as reflective exit signs, flashing flashes and emergency lighting to indicate the direction of the escape route.These safe escape routes usually lead people to escape from the data center building to the open public Spaces, which also comply with the relevant legal definitions of public safety.
Of course, the data center's safe exit is more complicated than other buildings.Due to the data center are usually set has a long channel (usually 500-800 feet in length) and connect to export the stairs, and built a typical data center in the design of large channel need to pay special attention to, when its near data center server (rather than in the main channel at both ends, as a typical office building or hotel), it will need to set up their own export channels.In addition, the long channel of the data center needs to be exported, because large floor boards can easily exceed the distance between "public access" and "dead Angle".
Isolate the fire
In summary, fire prevention measures are used to prevent the spread of fire and smoke in the entire data center building by adopting a fire barrier at the main site.These fire barriers include: fire doors, fire prevention floor/ceiling components, open fire protection (fire fire shutter release and overhead door) and the firewall (the walls in the vast majority of the stairs, corridor walls, and many internal tenants to dividing walls, some walls and any two of interior wall of the building's most widely used).Through fire rating to maintain the integrity of fire protection layer is also very important (for example through sealed electrical pipes, electrical tray and plumbing pipe or provide automatic release on mechanical pipe and register fire damper valve).Also, through the adoption of smoke sealing barrier (provided around the internal fire door and window frame of the gasket, the internal fire door seal, seal belt between the drywall and sealant or smoke spray/wall and ceiling joint gap filling) to form a smoke barrier is also critical.
Because the owner of the data center and management researchers usually hope phased gradually adjust the structure of its internal decoration, this makes the data center of fire control is much more complicated than other building types.Most of the data center must online online as soon as possible, so the data center buildings are often built in stages: the first stage, its data center building construction permit and construction schedule, and then handed them to the subsequent stage of the construction team.During the design process, these early stages need to be taken into account in order to provide a complete and independent security export system.In addition, due to the rating data centers typically use plasterboard is connected to the floor or roof exposed underside (e.g., concrete floor or metal roof decorating plate), so need to pay special attention to the fire protection and smoke seal seams of walls and ceilings.
Data center is different from other types of building another point is that its internal installation of related equipment (especially their server racks and cable tray) occasionally experience requires relocation requirements, has already established that could damage the firebreak.When I visited the site of a data center site, I had seen rectangular openings through several established walls (all aligned with each other).Apparently, the cable tray of its servers had once crossed the wall and was removed.But these openings are left unsealed.At the scene of the other data center operations, on the other hand, during the visit, I found that through the established wall (especially the cable bracket or single line), do not seem to accord with the requirement of any tested fire penetration system.
Alarm system
The fire alarm system usually includes an electric bell or horn (and strobe light) connected to a fire and smoke sensor, and usually must be connected to the local fire department in the data center.These alarm system (usually requires the entire data center building there a bell or horn, and almost all of the contact area of the flash will be for the use of auditory handicaps) means that you can in the event of a fire is urged officials to evacuate as soon as possible, and then guide the personnel evacuation along the safest way to export.Data center and its complicated management system to ensure its operation need special operation staff's life safety, so the alarm will never connect to other alarm system, such as security and energy management system.
Further action
But in addition to the standard method to ensure the safety of life, the relevant building codes or regional government regulators may also require the use of other tools to ensure staff safety of life, or data center building owner or operator may use these tools to increase security.Here are a few examples.
Establish an ADA fire safety (two-way communication), it is called a refuge area, the area can for people with physical disabilities and unable to leave quickly provide shelter, so they can in the event of a disaster can temporarily located in safer environment, at the same time make a phone call and wait for help.
In the data center building, a safe evacuation plan is posted along the main exit passageway (especially near the exit staircase) to clearly mark "you are here!"And allow the relevant staff to review and understand the building evacuation routes prior to normal working hours and emergencies.
Set up high-level template to help avoid because during the daily maintenance of physical devices, and later the renovation during the construction period or in building a new stage of internal oversight, caused by the fire rating.
Post warning label specific room door, indicate which room (such as server room) should be specially protected by chemical fire extinguishing system, so as to encourage the relevant personnel to evacuate from the room, and won't see these rooms as fire control safety
Final act
The final measure is periodic inspection.In data center construction during the period of construction, especially in the building will be put into use and used with permission to sign, and before the presentation, project general contractor to deal with all potential factors influencing life safety personnel for preliminary examination.The work should at least be as follows:
At any stage of temporary storage building materials will not be blocking safe passage, and the safety of the public traffic channel availability (in a data center during the field trip, I actually saw a particular external export plywood was deliberately covered on the door, but exit sign above the door is still lit).
Confirm that the relevant reflective safety exit sign in the data center building is installed and visible along all exit paths (including in the large server room).
Small and visible signs are marked on all emergency lights (I find many manufacturers ignore such instructions).
Ensure that all area lights can be turned off to test for continuous emergency lighting.
Enable the internal smoke screen door test to ensure that its automatic pull-out function is normal (its operation is usually as simple as the flip switch to release its fuse wire).
Confirm that all fire doors are covered with smoke.
Ensure that the firewall is equipped with a smoke proof wall (wall duct tape and spray or sealant smoke sealant) and fire penetration device.
Confirmation standard orange plastic cap on sprinkler and smoke sensor (in most of the data center in the process of construction, has been installed, and regular maintenance to prevent damage and dusty) have been removed, I find it difficult to see in the server room cold channels, because they tend to be pipe, cable tray and wiring.
Verify fire rating marks on the doors and door frames are not painted (if paint the shave their want to paint or even find fire rating symbol is very difficult, especially when the door is equipped with only allow its only 15 seconds at a time when the alarm display).
Confirm the installation at the specified nonflammable any timber buildings (such as temporary walls, electric or telephone service plywood and roof mechanical platform) has no combustible label on (according to my experience, the paint label and use the standard combustible plywood often appear on the wood bolt).
During the design and construction, and then, using the above to ensure life safety precautions and procedures, to reduce the spread of fire and smoke, raise survival rate of the data center to protect data center is the most valuable assets: its internal operations staff safety operation.
沒有留言:
張貼留言