現代機房建置的設計原則

除了涵蓋傳統機房建置的相關設置之外,究竟什麼是現代化的機房建置呢?當您所在的企業組織在進行現代數據中心的設計時,需要重點關注哪些設計決策呢?請相信:積極的採用新興技術幾乎總是能夠讓貴公司的數據中心管理運營人員們的日常工作變得更輕鬆。

遠程服務器監控和管理是現代服務器的最低標準。故而定期/不定期的對數據中心的這些服務器進行升級和替換是不可避免的。
在本文中,我們將於廣大讀者朋友們共同討論在制定企業的數據中心設計決策時所需重點關注的相關領域。在這一過程中,您將瞭解到對於遠程服務器實施監控和管理的三方面的選擇;同時文章中還將對刀片和機架服務器之間的差異進行深入的探討。
對於遠程服務器實施監控和管理的三種選擇方案
企業數據中心對其遠程服務器實施監控和管理並不僅僅只是大型企業們的理想選擇。事實上,這幾乎是所有現代服務器的最低標準,其允許數據中心的管理運營人員們遠程檢查,配置或重置位於數據處理大廳下方,或位於數英里以外的數據中心的服務器機櫃中的相關係統。一款通用的服務器管理界面也將使得企業數據中心的管理運營人員們的工作更輕鬆,這減少了他們需要使用的工具的數量。在企業數據中心內部建立了幾個主要的帶外(out - of - band,OOB)服務器管理界面,包括諸如智能平臺管理界面(IPMI)iDRAC和勞工組織。
1,IPMI
智能平臺管理界面(IPMI)於1998年9月正式發佈,目前已經逐步發展成爲了現代服務器管理的基礎.IPMI提供基本的硬件接口和規格,爲服務器監控和管理創建了專用通道,使得數據中心的管理運營人員們可以使用獨立系統的處理器,固件和操作系統。目前有超過200家的供應商支持IPMI,該接口被廣泛的用於供應商們所提供的服務器產品中,包括惠普企業公司(HPE),戴爾和思科。
IPMI適用於異構環境中的遠程服務器監控和管理,跨網絡交換簡單網絡管理協議消息。使用主板網絡接口的專用帶外網絡鏈接和邊帶(邊-樂隊)網絡鏈接便於遠程訪問。這允許IPMI在操作系統啓動之前,操作系統發生故障以及系統斷電後保持運行,但其必須插入並連接到管理網絡。
IPMI提供了一系列關於系統的實用硬件級信息,包括風扇的轉速,電壓級別,溫度,電源狀態和機箱完整性.IPMI還可以收集數據中心操作運營現場可更換部件的系統清單數據,並彙總日誌以查找潛在的問題(如低電壓等)。它也可以發出系統命令,例如斷電和重啓.IPMI通常是新服務器的一項必備的功能,無需額外的硬件或軟件來爲其提供支持。
2,IDRAC
戴爾的遠程訪問控制器(德拉克)是戴爾服務器中的一款帶外管理平臺和一套軟件工具。早期的德拉克平臺是作爲一個擴展卡安裝的,但當前型號的德拉克平臺則是使用包含在系統板中的集成整合的德拉克(iDRAC)。最新版本的iDRAC8服務於戴爾的第13代PowerEdge服務器,如R330。IDRAC8建立在IPMI之上,因此其支持IPMI的相關基本功能,包括對操作運營溫度,風扇和電壓的監控,以及對接口(如LAN上的IPMI)的監控。但是這屬於高級功能和集成選項,特別是對於遠程服務器監控和管理,將iDRAC從底層IPMI中分離出來。
例如,具備生命週期控制器(生命週期控制器,簡稱LC)的iDRAC8能夠提供系統清單和運行健康狀況的監控,同時還提供內存信息和CPU狀態,包括自動處理器調節和預測故障的監控.IDRAC8還可以協助完成服務器部署的任務,例如自動發現,基於腳本XML的系統配置和遠程存儲設備配置.IDRAC8有助於許可證管理和固件更新,並且可以支持電源循環等故障排除任務.iDRAC界面也採用了比普通IPMI管理更爲強大的安全性。
企業數據中心的運營管理員們可以通過一款網頁瀏覽器或命令行界面執行這些遠程服務器監視和管理任務,還可以將iDRAC與戴爾OpenManage等工具集成。OpenManage可以使用插件連接到其他供應商的管理工具,如甲骨文數據庫管理器,HPE的運營管理器,IBM的Tivoli Netcool /混合以及CA公司的網絡和系統管理器。
3,國際勞工組織
集成熄燈(iLO)是惠普企業公司在其把服務器上的帶外系統管理平臺.ILO首次出現在把G2,G3和G4服務器上,目前的迭代產品國際勞工組織4已經嵌入到了其把Gen8和Gen9服務器中,例如HPE的把DL580 Gen9服務器。
國際勞工組織同樣也基於底層IPMI技術,使用嵌入式管理處理器來支持遠程系統設置和配置,運行狀況監控以及電源和溫度監控。但是,國際勞工組織具有其他方面的功能,可以有助於進一步增強HPE產品的遠程服務器監控和管理功能。
例如,國際勞工組織4所提供的功能包括無代理管理,這是一款改進的運行狀況系統,通過虛擬電源按鈕和基於XML的腳本的遠程控制卡命令語言(遠程瞭解委員會命令語言)能夠實現循環系統電源。其他方面的高級功能還包括API訪問,預啓動和高級運行狀況檢查,以提供更好的診斷功能,國際勞工組織的聯合發現和管理功能支持把Gen8和Gen9服務器組,並通過一款集成遠程控制檯的協作支持控制檯的錄製和回放功能。
並非所有功能都在所有的iLO版本產品中可用。
國際勞工組織4與管理軟件(如HPE的OneView和洞察力控制)集成整合,以提供高級功能,例如,HPE OneView軟件將HPE Con ? ? vergedSystem,HPE BladeSystem,HPE把服務器和惠普3 par StoreServ存儲系統集成到一個服務器管理界面中。這允許企業用戶的數據中心管理運營人員彙集和分配資源,並自動化任務,例如配置更改或軟件更新。
IPMI爲遠程服務器監控和管理提供了硬件基礎,系統供應商們在此基礎上提供了額外的管理功能。當然,戴爾iDRAC和HPE iLO只是兩個常見的例子,市場上還有衆多其他的IPMI擴展,如IBM的集成管理模塊,英特爾的遠程管理模塊2和甲骨文的綜合熄燈經理。
數據中心刀片服務器與機架服務器的更新升級考慮因素
它對於絕大多數的企業來說,服務器羣的升級或替換是不可避免的。但是,更新的過程會根據企業數據中心具體所安裝的究竟是刀片服務器配置還是傳統機架服務器的配置而有所不同。如下,讓我們看看刀片服務器與機架式服務器之間的關鍵性的設計差異,以及這些差異將如何影響到數據中心的服務器設備的更新決策。
1、設計差異:刀片服務器與機架式服務器
爲了更好的制定企業數據中心服務器設備的更新戰略,我們建議數據中心的管理人員麼首先可以從查看服務器的設計和認證過程開始着手。刀片服務器是緊密配置的硬件塊,設計爲相互物理集成。所有這些元件(如電源,交換機模塊,主板和適配器)都是特定刀片系列的專有產品,供應商在這些服務器產品出廠之前就已經對其進行了廣泛的測試。
然而,這種嚴格的認證和測試過程也存在着一大缺點。這一過程非常耗時,這使得服務器供應商們的刀片服務器產品的設計週期更長,並限制了企業數據中心客戶在服務器升級方面的選擇。
刀片服務器存在強大的供應商鎖定。從保修控制到驅動器上的非標準化的包裝和籤的名,在刀片服務器環境中添加商用現成(COTS)系統本質上是一大禁忌。這些COTS系統包括CPU、驅動器,內存和其他因保修條款限制而無法插入刀片服務器的組件。
另一大缺點是,服務器供應商們可能無法在其機箱,基礎設施和它流程所要求的8至12年內持續的生產任何一款特定的刀片系列服務器產品。換句話說,屆時,實施服務器的升級可能已經不是一種選擇方案了。一個簡單的例子就說明了這一點:刀片服務器通常具有以特定鏈路速度運行的切換式背板。但是現在,以太網的速度每18個月翻一番,所以刀片服務器可能早已無法在未來幾年內利用更快的以太網傳輸速度了。
一般而言,機架式服務器的升級要容易得多,其可以被分爲兩大類。首先,存在供應商專有的配置,其中機架式服務器僅包含經認證的部件。雖然這可以防止使用未經批准授權的零配件,但現如今的市場的現實情況則是,大多數商品零件(如果從分銷商或受信任的供應商處購買)將按照相同的規定工作,並且比專有供應商的組件配件要便宜得多。
第二類是完全開放的機架式服務器,這類服務器通常是企業客戶以更高的價格從供應商處採購,或者甚至由部件組裝而成。這些服務器可以使用便宜的COTS部件,通常使得企業客戶實施服務器升級的可能性很大。
2、刀片服務器與機架服務器的更新決策
無論企業數據中心所採用的是刀片式服務器抑或還是機架式服務器,其這團隊均可以通過將可用的內存提高四倍,並在該內存中保留更多工作負載來提高工作負載的性能。一個內存數據庫便是最好的例子,其性能提高了100倍。
增加內存大小通常會給存儲子系統帶來壓力,因爲更高效的系統需要提供更多數據。此時便是將工作負載託付給固態硬盤(SSD)來替換舊的慢速硬盤的時候的。通過消除許多管理員無法識別的瓶頸問題,更快的SSD會讓企業數據中心的運營人員們大吃一驚。
企業數據中心同時執行這兩種服務器的升級,他們可能會使得服務器羣集的使用壽命延長好幾年。這是一個很好的經濟命題,因爲升級套件的成本通常會遠遠低於採購新服務器的成本。
但是,在某些情況下,這種升級在刀片服務器上可能並不符合經濟成本效益。企業數據中心所需的部件可能還沒有上市。這可能會迫使刀片服務器用戶在現有配置下需要繼續維持2年的時間,甚至比通常的一年的硬件更新時長多出4年,這樣,服務器的效率將會逐漸下降。
網絡升級與服務器升級分別有着不同的影響。首先,企業組織需要在整個配置範圍內進行更改以實現全面的益處。即使僅僅只有幾個節點處於舊的,較慢的網絡速度下,也會存在使得整個工作流程處理速度降低的風險。
這對於機架式服務器來說不是一個大問題。在升級內存和驅動器時,添加新的網絡接口卡很容易。網絡架構通常是相同的,所以該過程涉及交換機設備並再次插入。而在刀片服務器中,這可能會成爲叉車式工作。網絡架構往往過時,任何交換機功能都需要更換。
更新過程最終會涉及到服務器的更換,但同樣,刀片服務器與機架服務器的更換有着不同的流程。此時,企業數據中心所需要重點關注的是:接下來要做什麼。刀片服務器需要維持8到12年的使用壽命才能算得上符合經濟成本效益,但這顯然不符合當今的市場趨勢。而機架式服務器的有效使用壽命爲3至4年,此時就亟待進行升級或更換了。

Data center migration requires a new architecture.

When data center migration involves high asset utilization and agility in data centers, there are several drivers: composability, extensibility, and openness.Composability means that companies can be hardware and specific types of workloads exact match, until the specific hardware components (e.g., CPU, memory, memory, FPGA, NVMe module, coprocessor, network connection, etc.).High scalability means that companies can use as much as possible according to need of components (even if scattered on the physical frame), also can run real-time collection of all sizes needed for the workload calculation ability.Openness means that companies can choose and integrate components that are best suited to their workload, without human compatibility issues.

Composite/decoupled infrastructure (CDI) is an architectural approach designed to provide refined hardware composability, high scalability, and open management application programming interfaces (apis).Composable/decoupling infrastructure definition with virtualization and software infrastructure (SDI) cooperation, through the calculation of overcome the fixed ratio, memory, storage, the limitation of accelerator servers and network resources, improve the efficiency and flexibility of data center.
Composite/decouple infrastructure (CDI) is a key part of the puzzle that meets the requirements of a large scale data center.So what are the challenges facing today's data centers that lead to the need for composite/decoupled infrastructure (CDI)?
The challenge for the data center.
Some trends that require dynamic hardware configuration include:
.Ultra-high-speed growth and large - scale edge of cloud computing and new calculation model of computing is driving rapid expansion of data center service provider, so that traditional deployment and management methods can not keep up with this development.
.High density - the demand for more computing and storage capacity means that the data center operators are trying to pass on the equipment, refrigeration, floor space, and to finish more computing power cost budget.
.New workloads - when it comes to new workloads, big data, the Internet of things, artificial intelligence, and other data centers are limited by the size of these workloads.In addition, over time, these applications often show significant changes in requirements and rapid growth.
.DevOps and microservices - in the past, most applications were static on a single machine.Compared to current applications, these applications are composed of physically dispersed, continuously upgraded, dynamically optimized, interconnected software components.Hardware must also be extensible.
New hardware technology and new applications have all kinds of support hardware - different types of processors, memory and connected devices, this makes any fixed "one size fits all" hardware has become inefficient and inflexible.
Now more and more data centers have been asked to run a bigger, more complex the workload, the workload is often different from each other, so they run hardware requirements may vary due to the workload, and even one hour in a day will change too.For example, some workloads may require more processing power or memory capacity.Some may require NVMe storage or dedicated processors.In addition, it is desirable to use high-end devices across multiple workloads at different times in order to reduce total cost of ownership.
How to determine if the data center is under pressure?
What are the substantive implications of these new challenges?How do organizations know if their data centers are affected by these challenges?Some real indicators of stress in the data center include:
O data center management is still complex and requires a great deal of technical staff.
O even if the average utilization rate of the virtualized environment is rarely more than 50%, the operating rate of the non-virtualized data center is around 20% to 30%.
O providing hardware for new applications still takes days or weeks and requires multiple experts to implement it.
The intelligent platform management interface (IPMI) has a 20-year history and is inherently limited due to its protocols and bit-level coding techniques.Data centers need a more scalable, secure, and internet-friendly management standard.
O interoperability between devices and management software from different vendors is often problematic, limiting functionality and programmability.
The oCPU upgrade usually requires the replacement of all the resources in the server box and server, as well as the replacement of storage devices, power, fans, and network adapters as soon as possible.
O application developers slow down due to current requirements, deployment, validation, and supply processes.
O response to unforeseeable changes in application capacity requirements is slow and labor intensive.
All these challenges are a common source: the distribution of data center operators cannot easily high particle size and mass of a specific hardware device, in order to meet the specific workload (either individually or as a group), because of the changing hardware requirements.
Virtualization and software definition infrastructure (SDI) limitations.
Virtual machines (VMS) allow multiple applications to run on the server, helping to better leverage the server's hardware, achieve rapid configuration and load balancing, and increase administrative automation.Container also provides many of these advantages, because it can make the application and its all depend on the option of packaged together, and dynamic deployment to the server in response to a change in the workload, which will further improve hardware utilization and flexibility.
In addition to computing server (including file servers, storage cluster and network switch), the definition of software infrastructure (SDI) has extended the concept of hardware abstraction, to cover other infrastructure elements, so that the whole data center infrastructure like software programmable, like operating environment and run applications that run on it.In addition, what the organization lacks is the ability to configure the elements in the server (that is, to assemble specific hardware resources on demand) anywhere in the data center.The composite decomposition infrastructure (CDI) provides these missing pieces.
Composite decomposition infrastructure (CDI) virtue.
In enabling combination decomposition infrastructure (CDI) in data center, each server of each calculation module, nonvolatile memory, accelerator, storage and so on all is broken into Shared resource pool, and therefore can be managed separately under software control.The decomposed components can be regrouped under software control, or as a workload optimized server, regardless of the physical presence of the components.Studies have shown that combination decomposition infrastructure (CDI) can achieve as much as 63% of TCO earnings (55% of capital expenditure, 75% of operating costs), the technical update saves 44% of capital expenditure and 77% of the workforce.
The results of these savings are:
O because of decomposition, common management apis and vendor interoperability can be expanded faster and easier,
O more flexible in application development, configuration, and lifecycle management,
O because of better resource utilization, lower overconfiguration and dynamic load adjustment,
O independent upgrade cycle (i.e., only need to replace the target resource, not the entire server)
O optimizes performance through custom configurations, including fast non-volatile memory (NVM) and accelerators.
O more automated infrastructure management and more efficient use of staff.
Facebook, Google and other major cloud computing service providers (CSP) are actively studying the breakdown structure of their data centers.Some of their implementation is the custom, and the vast majority of the use of proprietary software and API. In order to match the biggest cloud computing service provider (CSP), there is no such mass organization requires a combination of commercial off-the-shelf decomposition infrastructure (CDI) solution.The commonality of open technical standards will help the industry achieve scale and enable the composite decomposition infrastructure (CDI) to be generally available from vendor selection.
Open composite decomposition infrastructure (CDI) blueprint.
This is the goal of the Rack Scale Design, which is a blueprint for industry innovation centered around the generic component-based infrastructure (CDI) data center architecture.Intel RSD is an implementation specification for interoperability between hardware and software vendors.
Intel RSD defines the key aspects of the logical architecture to implement the composite decomposition infrastructure (CDI).The first is the design specification, which defines the hardware and software capabilities required for modules, racks, and data center levels to achieve the granularity composability of infrastructure and scalable software control.The second is a set of common open apis that expose these capabilities to higher-level programming software from multiple open source or commercial vendors.
These APIs are defined in Redfish, this is an open, extensible and safety standards, it is based on Web friendly principle (RESTful APIs, the JSON data model), modern open management framework to replace IPMI. Redfish is the distributed management task force (DMTF) extensible platform management BBS products, this BBS is Broadcom, Dell, Ericsson, hewlett-packard, Intel, Lenovo, Microsoft, Supermicro and VMWare industry plan released in September 2014.The Intel RSD extension is regularly submitted to Redfish's extensible platform to manage BBS as recommended in the official Redfish standard.

How can we improve the user experience of website design?

With the rapid development of the Internet era, website design can also be said to be a platform or a bridge business on the Internet and customer communication, many users are first through the web site to understand the business or product, so visitors first impression or feel is very important, this point can also be attributed to the user experience, good browsing experience to bring the positive influence to the company's brand image. How can the web site be built to better improve the user experience of the website?

1. Changes in the appearance of the website
How can we improve the user experience of web design?
1. beautiful and generous page design
To the Tmall, down to the small shop, all can not do without good looking page design. Just like a girl goes out, the beauty of dress is high, and the rate of looking back is high. When going out to wear a pajamas, the hair is in a mess, not only does it not go back to it, it may be sprayed. The site is the same, andbeautiful nature many repeat rate, even a one-time transaction.
2. tell the user what your website is doing
Don't let the user feel confused, and don't let the user feel helpless. Tell the user what your website is doing in the most prominent place of the site, and how to do what you should do if you want to do something. There is a guide like a shopping guide that lets the user know what he wants to do, rather than wait for the user to find out how to do it. There are some web sites in a mess that makes users completely unaware of what can be done, and such a website must be very low in conversion.
3. guided page navigation
Usually, there are at least three levels of website design: home page, column page and ultimate page, point to a page, let users know how to go back to a page, or play the ultimate page in the form of new windows, and then close to a previous page. And to help the user find out what he wants and perhaps the goods.
The integrity and relevance of 4. pages
We do not do large portals, even if a large 3C e-commerce website like the Jingdong, selling similar 3C goods is not sold. So when we discuss user experience, we should pay attention to the integrity and relevance of the website, that is to say, we should judge the theme of the website, the theme is related, or even the same, it is good for improving and concentrating the weight, and also giving users more similar products. In a word, web page design should be simple and simple.
Two. The changes in the function of the website
The speed of the 1. website must be fast
In fact, a good server can't spend much money. A small site is sure to buy a fast and secure space within 300 pieces of a small site. Don't give up the money. Some companies spend tens or millions of dollars to buy other people's database, that is, to get precise users, while your website has precise users to visit, but it is rejected by slow servers, which is a loss. According to the data of the famous Internet research organization, users usually spend 4-6 seconds in a page, and if the page turns faster than 6 seconds, many users will lose.
2. embodies professionalism
Up to Tencent, Sina and other large life portals, the websites that sell well from Taobao stores are very professional in terms of appearance and function, and professionalism will improve website transactions. In Baidu, many on the bidding website is a one-time sale, one-time make customers feel professional, refer to their website, we will find a professional website will have 400 phones, there will be a refund promise, will have experts confirmed that there will be QQ, which will enhance the user's trust degree, which if your website is no longer small, also want to let users find your site is very professional.
3. article content design
The content of a website is designed. Even a personal blog, a simple and entertaining website, users will discover the value of them and trade. If you write a large waste paper, had never noticed any solution, even if write again good, the user will only stay in this article, and not to read other articles, planning the contents of the article, the user tie, will reduce the rate of jump out, trading. The article of the website is related to the goods of the website, together with value, so as to attract the user.
4. web sites are constantly updated
Do not update once in half a year, the website that does not update will only die slowly. A live web site will have people to look around and do not fish for two days in three days. The server is to spend money to buy, not free to get, to do a website is also not simple, all the year to come to the site without any income, is not very bad.  Take care of your money and often update your website. A web site that does not update its content for a long time, Baidu will recognize it as a garbage site, so it's easy to be K.
5. make it convenient for users to search
Place the search function on the website so that the user can find the desired content. Large websites have their own search engines, and have a self - based algorithm to discuss how to set up algorithms to search for what the user wants. This is a great help to users, especially those who want to produce a transaction on your website.
6. let the user find you at any time
Leave your contact way, you can also make a floating window to let the user contact you actively. The QQ, mailbox, MSN should have, if the user wants to deal with the transaction but not you, it is not a loss of many users. So the mode of contact must be left, so that the user can be able to contact you at any time.

機房建置，保持企業持續健康運營的基本要素

機房建置，現如今，衆多被稱爲數據中心的高規格建築物容納託管了企業組織的大多數關鍵業務互聯網。而這項技術就如同是在觀看一部電影大片一樣。

互聯網是一個分散的、相互互聯的無關網絡。但是，作爲企業數據中心的高層管理者們來說，您究竟有沒有花時間來考慮爲了確保網頁的順暢訪問和電子郵件的及時處理而提供各種相關服務的機器設備究竟在哪裏呢？現如今，這些被稱爲數據中心的高規格建築物容納託管了當今企業的大多數關鍵業務互聯網。而這項技術就如同是在觀看一部未來的電影大片一樣。
但事實並不總是如此。在早期，互聯網只不過是少數的一些具有互聯網絡的企業組織，其大部分相關設備都保存在規格相對較低的服務器機房中。這些設備通常會受到幾臺服務器、路由器和一些相對基本的網絡設備的影響。然而，到了現在，即使是最小規模的企業組織也可以負擔得起在最高規格的環境中維持過去只有那些高級軍事基地或資本雄厚的大型跨國企業纔有資本可以吹噓的確保服務器長期運營的相關費用了。換句話說，這就是當下的企業數據中心！
那麼，究竟什麼是數據中心？而當前的企業組織機構想要確保一處數據中心的長期健康運營有究竟要重視哪些相關重要因素呢？事實上，這些問題的一些答案可能會讓不少人大吃一驚。
確保企業數據中心長期正常運行的5大關鍵因素
歸根結蒂，企業數據中心的持續健康運營其實就是關乎一件事：確保數據中心的正常運行時間。很顯然，如果相關的數據信息無法被那些需要這些數據信息的人們及時有效的訪問獲取的話，那麼，即使企業數據中心所處理的數據量再大，也是沒有意義的。而企業數據中心確保這些相關係統能夠像擰發條一樣有效運行，會牽扯到幾項關鍵性的“齒輪”。
1、安全
在企業數據中心園區現場的一條街的旁邊，有一處無毒、無標記的倉庫型建築，其坐落在其他許多的大型白色倉庫之間。與工業園區內的所有其他建築一樣，數據中心建築大樓屋頂附近的側面有大量的空調通風口。此外，這座數據中心建築物可能會儲存了大量的木板，您從外面就可以看到。稍微再仔細的看一下，您可能會注意到：圍繞該數據中心建築的周邊安裝了很多的確保安全的24小時監控攝像頭，其中一些攝像頭甚至還帶有紅外線功能。對於那些不懷好意、妄圖入侵這樣的數據中心建築的潛在歹徒來說，看到這樣戒備森嚴的軍事級建築，很可能就已經望而卻步，根本沒有入侵搞破壞的興趣了。
前往數據中心的正門，一般會安置24小時全天候晝夜不停的監控攝像頭對數據中心的全景視圖進行監控掃描，您在此可能會驚訝地發現此處還安裝了刷卡讀卡器門禁設施系統。進入正門入口內的另一道關卡，將會是已經安裝好的視網膜掃描儀和手動指紋掃描設備，以便進一步確保數據中心的安全性。
即使你以某種方式被數據中心正門口的安保人員允許跨入正門的門檻，開始進入到數據中心核心區域的外圍，也會有着非常嚴格的訪問控制——既包括看得見的，也包括看不見的——這些訪問控制可以說是無處不在。即使是該數據中心站點的許多了授權許可的工作人員，也僅僅只限於能夠進入訪問某些特定的工作區域，因爲各種內置的程序已經將該數據中心建築劃成分爲了非常獨特的不同部門。同時，24/7全天候的安保人員也將會嚴格限制對部分重要設施的訪問。
數據中心建築物的內部核心區域也已經與該建築物本身的結構（如屋頂）切斷開了，以防止數據中心遭遇物理攻擊。一旦遭遇到物理攻擊，嘈雜的振動感應報警系統將在第一時間及時提醒數據中心的相關工作人員儘快採取措施應對這類物理攻擊。
那麼，數據中心內部究竟是些什麼在受到保護呢？數據中心當然是一處儲存了高性能計算機系統、存儲和相關組件的倉庫，許多企業的業務和個人（更不用說整個互聯網）都依賴於數據中心的大規模計算處理能力。
有鑑於數據中心建築設施的安保措施如此的複雜程度，您可能會猜想恐怕只有像《碟中諜》裏的湯姆克魯斯一樣從天花板上的一個洞才能進入核心區域了！而事實上，哪怕部署實施再多的安全措施都是不過分的。同時，潛在的小偷駕駛着車輛進入數據中心的外牆，以試圖用昂貴的服務器設備取勝的現象並不罕見。
2、連接性
絕大多數的數據中心都會以某種形式（無論是私有還是公開）連接到互聯網，因此如果其與外部的網絡連接不是一流的話，那麼這些數據中心的存在也就幾乎沒有什麼意義了。
當涉及到數據中心所使用的外部連接時，目前被業界廣泛採用的有幾種商業模式，這些商業模式通常取決於數據中心運營的業務類型。而這些商業模式的一大共同的賣點便是運營商中立性。換句話說，這些數據中心傾向於託管處理各種規模的不同業務，而每項業務在數據中心環境中都被提供了多種不同的帶寬提供商選擇。
如果一家企業直接自己擁有一處數據中心，而且不遵循與其他企業共享數據中心站點的託管模式，那麼他們可能會故意選擇外部網絡連接服務提供商。這些選擇也可能跨同一企業擁有的其他數據中心進行復制。
而企業數據中心的一處網絡運營中心（NOC）也將以某種形式存在，具體將取決於企業數據中心所履行的服務。想象一下：在一間照明充足的房間內，數據中心的監控運營工程師們正眯着眼睛盯着觀察不斷閃爍、更新的屏幕，以便在第一時間儘快尋找可能導致問題的任何異常數據事件。
甚至有一些事情會發生在地板下：由於企業數據中心所安裝的網絡佈線的總長可能已經達到數百英里，故而需要將地下線纜的安裝運行狀況精心標記，並記錄在工程數據庫中。有時候，數據信號會通過交換設備進行放大，以便在設備周圍成功傳輸數據。
外部的網絡連接如何進入企業數據中心建築物的內部也需要進行仔細的斟酌考慮。企業數據中心的多個外部光纖管道點通常指定給光纖提供商們。一旦安裝了光纖，運營商們可以通過一個以上的點將光纖接入到數據中心建築物的光纖之上，這樣在數據中心建築物方面就不太可能導致服務中斷的問題。
3、HVAC暖通空調系統
如果您具體的瞭解數據中心內部相關設備的價值以及對於依賴這些設備以維持正常運行的企業業務的重要性的話，那麼你就會覺得超密度安全措施的確非常合理了。但對於任何不太明顯的數據中心來說，還有一個關鍵方面就是其冷卻散熱系統。
在數據中心內部所運行的數千臺服務器會產生大量的熱量。這使得其HVAC系統（加熱，通風和空調系統）成爲了保持數據中心持續健康運行的重要系統之一。而如果相關設備運行到發燙或受到來自任何溫度方面的急劇變化的影響，可能會在沒有任何警告提示的情況下突然發生故障運行中斷。毫無疑問，這些複雜的環境控制措施對確保服務器及其相關係統的正常運行是至關重要的。這就是爲什麼說眼睛乾澀和喉嚨乾燥對任何數據中心現場的運營工程人員來說都是職業危害的原因所在了！
4、火警消防
在承載了價值數百萬美元的相關設備的一幢數據中心大樓內，採取嚴肅的預防措施來防止火災的發生是極其重要的。這意味着企業數據中心務必要遵循嚴格的管理協議，例如：切勿在服務器機房內留下紙箱。
防火牆是企業數據中心所要採取的另一項措施，我們在此並不是在談論位於服務器機架內的高檔防火牆盒，並保護數據中心免受黑客攻擊。我們在這裏所談論的是防止數據中心物理建築內部的火災發生，採用特別厚的特製牆壁將不同的設施間隔開來（單獨一個服務器機房可能容納10，000臺服務器）。當一個服務器機房內發生火災時，另一個服務器機房內的相關設備應保證保持繼續的安全運行的時長，即使其周圍的牆壁受到熾熱火災的影響，熱量溫度已經高不可測。這樣的數據中心建築設計真心才叫贊，不是嗎？
5、電力資源的持續供應
顯然，在一幢數據中心建築大樓的內部，還有很多需要注意的方面。其中，必須提及的一個關鍵方面便是確保電力資源的供應，因爲如果沒有電力供應，數據中心的持續正常運營也就無從提起了。
保持數據中心電力資源的持續供應是一項不小的任務，因爲在世界上許多主要城市的商業和住宅區，限電和停電事故都時有發生。這就是爲什麼企業數據中心無論如何都務必要採用多種方法來確保持續供電的原因所在了。
首先，國家電網的公共電力服務機構將通過不同的電力分站的多個點向企業數據中心建築物提供電力資源。如果一處電源被切斷，則其他電源會繼續提供足夠的電源。然後，企業數據中心的不間斷電源（UPS）系統將確保如果一旦主電源發生故障，電源可以無縫切換到輔助電源。
這些輔助電源通常來自可再充電的柴油發電機。如果發生長時間的停電事故，您數據中心可能可以用柴油機發電補充。但其缺點是：如若在緊急情況下需要使用發電機，而發電機卻需要花費幾分鐘的時間才能正常啓動並實際發電。因此，數據中心可能需要整個地下室的UPS系統設備均充滿電池，類似於在汽車引擎蓋下的那些電池，進而能夠爲受影響的設施機房供電維持整整五分鐘，直到柴油發電機準備就緒。一旦柴油發電機啓動並運行，電池將緩慢並盡職盡責地開始充電，以便他們能夠爲下一次的停電事故或企業所經常進行的定期維護測試做好準備。
數據中心的設計
憑藉着軍事級別的物理安保措施和傳統電信背景下的堅實的網絡連接的基礎，數據中心的設計並不會讓人們感到擔心。事實上，除非你在數據中心工作，否則你可能根本不知道里面有這麼多的東西。所有這些複雜性是件好事。這意味着今天的互聯網得到了一些非常嚴肅的技術的支持，並且我們有充分的理由相信：如果數據中心未能順利完成業務，企業所投入的數額巨大的資金將受到威脅。您可能會猜測說，這對於保持數據中心日夜運行至關重要的任務是不可能的。但慶幸的是，各種技術通常會讓這些問題迎刃而解。

Data center migration,The path of evolution of object storage

Data center migration, the amount of data created every year is increasing exponentially. Almost every enterprise now relies on technology, and the information generated by these businesses can be said to have become their largest asset. Unstructured data is the best storage type, and its growth is the largest. So, how do we use object storage technology, and what can we expect it to bring?

What is object storage?
The development of object storage stems from the highly elastic demand for long-term storage of large amounts of structured data. Looking back on the past 20 granny, we have block storage (traditional storage) and NAS devices (usually as file servers). NAS does not really extend to the PB level, and it does not provide the resilience of long term data retention. In general, enterprises use tape (Tape) to meet the needs, but the tape is slow and inefficient.
The developed object store has developed into a mature technology for years by providing online access content to fill in the gap. Using erasure coding (EC) and other new protection methods, it usually solves the problem of data protection in large files.
Object storage uses Web based protocol to store and retrieve data. In essence, most of them provide four basic CRUD: create (Create), read (Read), update (Update), delete (Delete). In many cases, Update is just to match with Delete and Create. This means that the use of embedded data and associated metadata for HTTP to issue REST based API calls is relatively simple to interact with object storage.
This simple operation highlights the problem of object storage: the application needs to be re written to use object store, API. vendors help to complete the process by providing SDK, but need to change the application. This problem lets us see the first object of the evolution of the object storage: multiple protocol access.
Multi protocol object storage has been using multiple protocol access for some time to use the object storage back end as a large capacity pool in the form of gateway or additional software. The problem with this move is whether they really provide concurrent access to the same data from different protocol stacks. You can use NFS to store and retrieve objects, but what about using NFS to store and use Web based protocol access?
Why do enterprises want to have the ability to store one protocol and access through another protocol? Providing NFS means that an application can use object storage without modification. By providing concurrent Web based models, the analysis tool can access data without introducing NFS related performance problems, such as locking or multithreading impacting the same object. The typical value read configuration file of the analysis software means that data can be analyzed without affecting the main application.
Many Internet of things devices can be stored only through NFS, so incorporating such content into object storage means that file based protocols are essential.
One factor that extensibility affects an object storage application is the ability to shrink, not just extension. The initial capacity of many object storage solutions is hundreds of TB, which is not practical for smaller IT organizations. Vendors are beginning to solve this problem by producing products that can shrink to tens of megabytes.
Obviously, a large capacity hard disk and flash can be a problem, but it can achieve the functional advantages of the object storage. Therefore, the solution provided by the manufacturer is pure software, which can be deployed on special hardware, and can also be deployed as an internal deployment or virtual instance in public cloud.
With the continuous development of the Internet of things, data will explode. A large number of small object storage will prove to be able to meet the continuous demand of Internet of things.
Software definitions go back to pure software solutions, and the provision of pure software solutions means that enterprises can choose the right type of hardware for their environment. When hardware supply contracts already exist, enterprises can simply pay for object storage software and deploy them on existing devices, including testing old hardware that may be processed in other ways.
Another direction for the development of open source object storage software definition is open source, and Ceph is one of the storage platforms developed as an open source model. OpenIO provides a high level of server - free functionality that provides the same experience as a premium service. Another open source solution, Minio, recently won $20 million to push its platform to a wider audience, including the Docker container.
The attention of software in trial version means that it is easy for organizations to try object storage. In addition to IBM Cloud Storage and DDN, almost all suppliers provide some trial process by downloading software or using company's laboratory environment. Providing a trial version of the software can be open to the software for long-term evaluation and adoption.
In the future, we should consider the future of object storage. It can be said that the most recent development direction is to make the solution easier to use, and pay more attention to the development and usability of software and vendors. Multiple protocols connect more applications, making it easier for data to enter object storage. In the next few years, we will see that object storage is still an important platform for persistent data storage.

An important process in which excellent website design must be mastered

Website design, in the era of rapid development of Internet, enterprises need to have their own portals if they want to get better development. People can use the Internet to get product information better. If you want to make a good website, it is not instant. Good good website must have its own characteristics. At the same time, we must follow the standards of website production, and the correct process and order. Therefore, in order to make a good enterprise website, we must master the following six important steps.

The first step: clear the location of the website.
We should make clear the location of our website, clear the company's product advantages and the target group to visit. This is our first to do analysis, only according to the actual situation of their own company, to make the website style positioning. As we all know, website style is divided into marketing website, brand website, e-commerce website and platform website. I can give you a detailed explanation of our type next time. When you make clear the location of your website, you begin to collect relevant website cases as a reference for the next work.
Second step: making a prototype of a web page.
This is a fee brain activity. At present, most people use Axure software to make. Drawing prototype maps needs to refer to many website styles. By constantly learning from them, we can summarize our website style. At present, the design popular element is the use of icons with text, flat interface, size into a widescreen style. In the process of prototyping, we need to see a lot of website style. If you want to do foreign trade website, you need to find many foreign brand websites, and see their website style, so that we can find that kind of thinking feeling very well.  Domestic websites are relatively conservative, although it is also a flat design, but most of the sites are different from the layout.
The third step: the design of the color /UI interface.
When the prototype can begin to do, designers do UI design, designers will design color according to the layout of a prototype, but not limited to the prototype map, excellent designers will not follow the prescribed order execution, according to their own experience to do some moderate change details on the layout, the aim is to improve the appearance and user interface experience.
The fourth step: DIV+CSS cutting / layout.
When the design of the website design is completed, to do that, if the site is PC, that as long as a style, if it is responsive website development, that they need to do three sets of style, respectively PC, tablet, mobile phone terminal end. Responsive websites will automatically adapt to different resolutions and screen sizes to achieve the best experience. But here, I need to add that not all websites are suitable for responding, because the station is different, and the specific reasons for the next step are sharing.
The fifth step: program development.
That completed, entered the program development, program development is the background of management, let the site later to have a management background data to update the contents of the front of the popular development of web development language has two kinds: one is the PHP language,.Net language is two.
The sixth step: Web site Bug test and data filling.
Developed the program, to a professional service to test the Bug, while filling the data along the test page, just developed site there will be loopholes in Bug, because it is pure Handmade project on a keyboard a letter to knock them out of the code, Bug is a normal phenomenon, so we need to test the customer service the test point out the problem, filing form gives programmers repair.

機房建置，如何構建一處超融合數據中心

機房建置，超融合系統作爲最新的一體化數據中心產品正在成功實現基礎設施產品的融合。對於許多企業來說，超融合代表了以一種可訪問的、且經濟實惠的方法來幫助他們實現其數據中心的現代化。

在文中，我們將通過對於當下虛擬數據中心的主要構建趨勢的介紹，幫助您瞭解構建超融合數據中心的相關知識；並讓您清楚的瞭解當前都有哪些企業在使用超融合系統，以及避免被供應商鎖定的相關大問題。
關於構建虛擬數據中心的超融合趨勢
數據中心整合的趨勢仍在繼續，預集成的融合基礎設施系統正在讓位於更緊密集成的超融合產品。超融合系統帶來了管理和任務集成方面的簡單性，但它們實際上定義了“供應商鎖定”這一術語。故而企業數據中心管理人員需要了解超融合系統的相關基礎知識以及是如何在虛擬環境中工作的。
什麼是超融合？
超融合採取一種搭積木式的方法將關鍵IT系統組件集中到一個盒子或系統中，並通過軟件層對該盒子或系統進行管理。超融合市場正在快速增長，老牌的供應商與新興的創業公司都在積極的競爭以贏得客戶。
超融合與融合基礎設施是同一概念嗎？
二者的主要區別在於：網格軟件管理的組件構成了超融合基礎設施產品；融合基礎設施是將各種組件打包在一起，而超融合的迭代不僅僅是單純的集成打包，而是爲所有包含的系統提供了一款管理控制檯。融合系統通常只包括捆綁在一起的存儲和服務器，或者增加計算，但這些初始的融合產品正在不斷髮展，現在包括了重複數據刪除、壓縮和備份等其他功能。
超融合怎樣適合於虛擬數據中心？
超融合系統通常插入現有的基礎設施，以使集成更容易。虛擬機可以遷移到融合系統中，然後通過界面進行管理。產品要麼與企業的虛擬平臺集成，要麼提供自己的虛擬平臺。許多融合產品來自現有的存儲廠商，並且通常使用閃存存儲來提高速度和性能。雖然這聽起來很昂貴，但超融合可以消除對昂貴的存儲區域網絡（SAN）的需求。
超融合系統不允許您企業使用已有的存儲和計算。但是，VMware Inc.公司的一款存儲產品：VSAN或將成爲在VMware環境中解決融合難題的關鍵。VSAN軟件實際上是vSphere的一項功能，可將企業用戶現有的硬件轉換爲類似超融合的設置。其他提供商通常將存儲功能作爲運行在主機上的虛擬存儲設備或虛擬機。
關於供應商鎖定
超融合供應商們正在銷售簡單且免手動操作的數據中心管理方法。但這些系統絕對是專有的；當您企業採購了這樣一款解決方案，這就意味着您企業將從同一家供應商處採購大量的基礎設施。其支持者說，超融合系統是IT的未來，但也有反對者指出，在傳統硬件過多的IT環境採購更多硬件從財務上並沒有意義。
儘管朝着融合發展的趨勢是帶來簡單化，但這些盒子並不一定是簡單的。缺乏控制權可能適用於某些IT團隊，但卻並不適用於喜歡實踐親自動手操作的系統工程師們。
哪些企業在使用超融合系統？
超融合系統正在哪些尋求簡化操作管理的IT企業中獲得了長足的發展。這些可能企業用戶很可能是小公司，這類公司沒有足夠的資源來管理多個系統或認爲管理虛擬基礎架構太過複雜。例如，超融合系統可以承擔備份和DR任務，同時還提供高端的存儲區域網絡（SAN）和網絡硬件。
通常，部署VDI非常適合超融合系統；他們可以降低存儲技術的複雜性和性能問題。
超融合系統解決存儲和服務器問題
一體化數據中心產品的簡單性使超融合系統在小型企業中廣受歡迎。IT基礎設施供應商們在花費了十多年的時間向IT企業銷售之後獨立的服務器和存儲環境，現在開始採取不同的策略，將服務器和存儲（在某些情況下還包括網絡）捆綁到類似樂高的模塊中。其最大的好處是可以擴展容量和性能，並且可以作爲單一系統進行管理。
超融合基礎設施是融合基礎架構的合乎邏輯的繼承者，這些產品是經過了預集成和測試的數據中心組件，如VCE的Vblock或NetApp的FlexPod.
“在技術層面上，融合基礎設施可以組裝最好的組件。如果您企業遵循這一方案，您企業會發現這是奏效的。”Taneja Group的IT分析師Mike Matchett說。“價值依然很重要，其更像是一家供應商的設備，而您不必擔心個別組件的修補和升級。”
這些系統有其優點，但許多IT企業將這種融合基礎設施僅僅視爲一種打包的解決方案，並不能實際解決數據中心基礎設施的挑戰。
Matchett表示，通過整合網格軟件，超融合更進一步發展。其可以自動發現並向羣集添加新節點，並通過添加每個新模塊來提供額外的計算和存儲資源。許多超融合產品還提供一定級別的存儲服務（在某些情況下，藉助閃存和定製芯片加速），以及單個管理界面。
因此，“你可以藉此獲得傳統融合基礎設施所不具備的緊密集成效率。”Matchett說。
數據中心基礎設施市場的一些新的供應商提供了一系列超融合產品。諸如Nutanix、SimpliVity和Scale Computing等公司的超融合產品都是根源於存儲，並將他們的產品重製爲全面的數據中心平臺。
這些系統是數據中心基礎架構市場中唯一的亮點之一。行業研究公司IDC對任何類型的所謂“集成系統”（服務器、存儲、網絡和通用管理界面捆綁在一起）在市場上的銷售情況都看好市場。
一站式採購
對於小公司來說，超融合基礎設施代表了以一種可訪問的、且經濟實惠的方法來幫助他們實現其數據中心的現代化。
一家位於科羅拉多州La Junta的商業服務和諮詢公司Project Resources Group（PRG）曾開啓了一個項目，首次替換獨立的塔式服務器並實施虛擬化。其負責採購的IT經理Joshua Bailey對從具有直接附加存儲的物理服務器轉向虛擬服務器和存儲區域網絡（SAN）的前景感到震驚。“我所在的企業只有我是唯一一名IT管理員，SAN不是我能管理的東西。”尤其是沒有時間進行適當的VMware和SAN培訓。
這導致該公司考慮採用超融合系統，並最終決定使用Scale Computing的HC3.“HC3滿足了我們所有的要點：重建自己的熱插拔驅動器，自動發現和聚集自己的節點。”Bailey說。此外，他表示，該系統的管理界面非常易於使用，因此他使得能夠放棄正式的培訓。該公司採購了三個HC3節點和一臺新的交換機平臺，價格約爲30，000美元。比Bailey收到的惠普服務器、存儲和VMware虛擬化報價低了一半。部分的節省是因爲Scale是基於開源KVM管理程序所構建的。
超融合也適用於那些已經邁上了虛擬化路徑，但仍然糾結於存儲和數據保護的成本和複雜性的企業。
一家位於紐約Syracuse的農業營銷和服務組織Dairylea Cooperative Inc.實現了高度虛擬化，其在9臺VMware主機上託管了約120臺服務器虛擬機和近300臺虛擬桌面。去年，其IT團隊解決了一個項目：升級不可靠的備份流程並添加不存在的災難恢復功能。Dairylea公司的創新設計師Jeremy Wheeler解釋說，Dairylea處於購買EMC Avamar和DataDomain以解決其備份問題的風口浪尖上，另外還有一個可支持複製到輔助站點的iSCSI陣列。
然後向他們經銷商演示了Simplivity 公司的OmniCube.Wheeler發現該公司可以一舉終止備份和災難恢復，並且升級其服務器和SAN基礎設施。SimpliVity產品的價格與EMC備份解決方案的價格相同。
經過大約六個月的採購週期後，該公司決定退出EMC採購。Wheeler在1月中旬開始了Simplivity的安裝，並且在三週內通過使用VMware的存儲遷移功能將公司的整個虛擬服務器場遷移到新的集羣。花了幾個星期，但最終Dairylea的基礎設施被複制到災難恢復站點，“突然之間，我們有了一致的異地備份，”Wheeler說。一臺1.5TB的文件服務器過去需要整個週末才能進行復制，現在可以在不到60秒的時間內通過快照進行備份，然後使用OmniCube的定製存儲加速硬件在現場進行復制和刪除。
Wheeler計劃做的最後一件事就是將VDI環境遷移到OmniCube羣集；他暫停了該項目，直到他能夠驗證40份日常備份和兩年的重複數據刪除率。目前，該重複數據刪除率接近40：1.
一家位於馬薩諸塞州米爾福德的企業戰略集團的高級分析師Mark Bowker 說，VDI是超融合平臺的一款流行用例。
並不適合所有企業
但是，對於所有那些並不滿意於超融合系統的企業客戶來說，有大量的IT企業傾向於在現有的基礎設施組件之上構建，而不是購買專有的硬件系統。新興的軟件定義存儲產品（如Microsoft Windows Server 2012存儲空間功能和VMware VSAN）引起了他們的興趣。
VMware VSAN是VMware vSphere的一項功能，“可將您企業的x86服務器平臺變成存儲平臺。”VMware公司存儲和可用性產品營銷總監Alberto Farronato表示說。
與SimpliVity和Nutanix（或VMware早期的虛擬存儲設備）等產品不同，VSAN本身在vSphere內核內運行。Scale Computing HC3的存儲功能還通過KVM管理程序中的定製塊存儲驅動程序以通過內核。大多數其他提供商將其存儲功能作爲運行在主機上的虛擬存儲設備或虛擬機運行。
VMware表示，基於內核的方法帶來了一些性能優勢。“VSAN提供高度優化的數據路徑。”Farronato說。“I / O通過內核傳輸，不再通過存儲設備。”更重要的是，VSAN的設計使其可以在任何運行vSphere的硬件上使用。
VSAN的一家企業用戶是位於馬薩諸塞州Cohasset的軟件開發和託管服務提供商Itrica公司，多年來，該公司積累了大量高性能服務器設備，但“仍然遭遇到集中式存儲架構的瓶頸”。Itrica公司執行副總裁兼首席技術官Dave Sampson表示。該公司考慮融合和超融合產品是因爲他們希望有更好的冗餘和更高的可擴展性，而沒有太多的CPU和RAM開銷，Sampson說。同時，“我們希望更好地利用我們的數據中心現有佔地空間，並維護我們現有的惠普服務器硬件。”
因此，當VSAN發佈公開測試版時，Sampson知道“這正是我們想要的。”其提供了高I / O和可用性，同時顯示爲另一個VMware存儲卷。其性能滿足了大部分Itrica客戶的需求，並且管理界面與VMware堆棧的其餘部分完全集成。該公司正在試用大部分傳統存儲硬件，並將VSAN作爲其所有工作負載的主要存儲平臺。
事實上，VSAN的到來給超融合市場帶來了不小的衝擊，ESG的Bowker說，他期望看到更多的超融合觀念開始出現在已有的供應廠商中。
“爲什麼VMware不是僅僅在VSAN上使用VSAN來搭配某些硬件呢？”Bowker提出。事實上，媒體上有傳聞稱，VMware與母公司EMC的合資企業Project Mystic可以做到這一點。
同樣，Bowker對於看到來自微軟、思科或NetApp等公司的超融合產品也不會感到驚訝。“很難說我們不會朝這個方向前進。”
當服務器和網絡崩潰時
目前，大多數超融合產品都解決了數據中心存儲的問題，即IOPS和持續的增長。但是有一些新興的平臺專注於將計算與網絡緊密結合。例如，Pluribus網絡公司提供了一款平臺，該平臺將機架頂部的計算和交換融合到離網絡主幹更近的地方，用於那些需要比現有架構提供更高網絡性能和可視性的應用，該公司首席營銷官Dave Ginsburg說。該公司現有的客戶包括TIBCO，它將白盒重新命名爲其下一代消息總線體系結構，以及Lucera金融基礎設施，將其作爲其高頻交易服務的基礎。其他用例可能包括雲業務流程安排和管理，第4至7層設備或監控和分析。

What are the steps of a data center migration?

When it comes to data center migration, which kind of person are you? Is it an early jump on the "train of clouds" or a backward person who has not tried to virtualized anything? Or are you still in the mainstream, using a mixed cloud and a number of systems on the ground?

In our data center migration practice, we find that each type faces its own challenge. Early adopters were unable to support their ambitious deployment and found weaknesses in the first generation of cloud systems. The backwardness may be aware of the necessity of transformation, but it is hindered by costs, resources and time. Most companies are still the mainstream, and they tend to adopt a hybrid IT strategy, but they are stranded on the management level and forward.
Depending on the position of the cloud in the cycle, you may be recalibrating or starting and optimizing. In any case, caution is a good idea. The modernization of the data center is a complex and large-scale process, and the following is the 7 step of migration:
1. assessment of infrastructure
The key first step is to update your configuration management database (CMDB) or any other system that tracks assets. Without that information, you can't know what your infrastructure includes and the challenges you are facing at the moment. For a real transition, you need 100% clear.
2. directory and map applications
With the development of time, the amount of business application business will be expanded. You may find 4 tracking tools and 2 box HR applications. Do you have anything else? Is it possible to reduce the cost of the merger? Which applications should be migrated to the cloud, which is not? In the migration plan, you must clearly plan the location of the application and which dependencies are not destroyed.
3. design and estimation
There is a need for time to check. For example, an enterprise begins to know only 40%, and will realize that its original plan is too much. Once you decide what to abandon, what to move and when to move (for example, whether to migrate low or high level applications first), there will be strategic design for the future. Adding the design to the ROI tool can estimate the cost and financial rewards for you.
How does the cloud age data center migrate? Here are 7 steps
4. establishment and verification
At this stage, POC can help you familiarise yourself with the future and increase your confidence in the team. In view of the daily work of the IT team, most of the smart organizations know that to achieve their goals, they need experienced and dedicated partners. They can take care of projects while managing strategy and daily operation. Otherwise, it is difficult to make major changes.
5. migration infrastructure
Whether you follow the disaster recovery (DR) failover strategy or see the cloud as a platform for building a new version of the application, you are now in "building". Some projects will be on the cloud, while others will remain on the physical infrastructure. Some are on the edge, the rest are local, and all are based on your special needs. Through cloudy and correct settings, the infrastructure can enter a new state.
6. detection and verification
Next is the performance test to prove that your application and system are lifting, and there is nothing wrong with running. The detection should include a high availability part and a failover during the maintenance window. At the same time, the test should depend on the application, budget, and specific goals, such as RPOs or RTOs., which should be verified by any normal work.
7. start operation
This final stage is not an afterthought, because the operation manual should be created throughout the process, and it is easy to operate with cost efficiency and reliability. However, once the daily instructions are finalized, you can start working in a new migration state.
If you are like most businesses, you have already put one foot into the cloud. Those who migrate applications and infrastructure to the cloud, far more than those of "all in" and shilly-shally early adopters.

What can website design bring to the enterprise in the end?

Website design, rapid development in the age of the Internet, as everyone knows, most enterprises have followed the trend of the Internet, to build their own websites, they are passive from the previous station, to the active site now, everyone's point of view is changing, that why there is such a big change? What can the construction website bring to the enterprise in the end? The following small editor will come to the detailed analysis to understand.

1. Make use of the enterprise web page to propagate the enterprise itself
In the Internet service system of an enterprise, enterprises can publicize their culture, profiles, products, service quality and news contents.
Release of information on the Internet can be made more detailed, including product performance parameters, instructions for use; using graphic audio-visual articals web publicity enterprises, to help enterprises more scientific market development.
2, promote the promotion of product brand
In the enterprise web promotion of enterprises at the same time, more publicity the enterprise products, product information on its website more easily communicated to the global target customer base, website design before the enterprise product sales channels are limited, the construction site after gaining a greater audience, a solid the international foundation for enterprise's products to, so as to improve the product's brand image.
3. Using E-business on the Internet to reduce the cost of sales and purchase of raw materials and improve the competitiveness of the products
Under the e-business way, business opportunities of enterprises have been effectively expanded, and professional companies can provide you with online planning to deliver information to demand groups. The use of e-commerce through the Internet to establish a convenient way of contact with customers to negotiate business. It greatly reduces the time and cost of staff travel, reduces the cost of communication, fax and mail, and saves many intermediate links, improves product direct sales rate and reduces operation cost. By publishing information of commodity demand on the BBS bulletin board of its webpage, and inquiring the information of relevant manufacturers of the city's raw materials and accessories online, and purchasing directly with them, the purchase cost is effectively reduced.
4. Seek joint ventures and partners through the Internet
In seeking joint ventures or partners, enterprise construction website can make use of its own online image and publish information on well-known BBS, so that the target can get your information. In addition, it can also actively search for target objects on the Internet. The use of the Internet for business, joint venture partners has great superiority, and can effectively reduce the blindness for the target object, because then you can view each other with the introduction, online product introduction, and then proceed to the next step in the implementation of the investigation and technical exchanges, so as to reduce unnecessary expenses do.
5. Industry information collection and daily e-mail transmission have promoted the communication of information
The Internet is incomparable to any media in the field of information collection in the industry. With the powerful advantage of the Internet, in the online search to get you whenever and wherever possible the development of the industry macro information, peer competitor and product information, but also set up their own special section on the website of the enterprise, to collect user feedback, which can get the new information in a relatively short period of time.
In communication with customers, we can make full use of E-mail's low cost (its communication cost is only 1/5-1/20 of traditional communication mode), fast speed and multiple letters. And the farther the distance is, the lower the relative cost. More importantly, it can make two editors of letters very conveniently, avoiding repeated input of files, and almost without the help of fax machines.
6. Strengthen the pre sale service to the target object and improve the service quality of the enterprise
"Quality is the hard truth" the enterprise can through the Internet, to target customers for the online product information, technical support services, provides a convenient query service system for customers, and the common customer feedback information, after processing, released on the Internet, for more customers to access, through constantly for customers online online consultation, technical support, etc., to improve the service quality of the enterprise purpose gradually. Online information can be inquired for 24 hours by users of different needs, and in the form of e-mail, a lot of inconvenient behaviors of traditional business activities are greatly removed. Thus, the service to all aspects of the customer is strengthened.
The construction of the enterprise website is a strategy for the enterprise to grasp the market, and it is also the pattern of the enterprise image to the new era. The enterprise does not have a website, indicating that an enterprise is incomplete.

機房建置：超融合架構的本質之層次存儲

機房建置，本篇文章將進一步解釋在超融合架構中，層次存儲爲什麼是提升數據的I/O性能的最好選擇。首先，讓我們追溯到現代計算機體系結構中，解決系統性能瓶頸的關鍵策略：Cache.現代計算機體系結構是基於馮。諾依曼體系結構構建的，馮·諾依曼體系結構將程序指令當做數據對待，程序和數據存儲在相同的存儲介質（內存）中，CPU通過系統總線從內存中加載程序指令和相應的數據，進行程序的執行。

馮·諾依曼體系結構解決了計算機的可編程性問題，但是帶來了一個缺點，因爲程序指令和數據都需要從內存中載入，儘管CPU的速度很快，卻被系統總線和內存速度的限制，不能快速的執行。爲解決這個問題，Cache的理念被提出，通過在CPU和內存之間加入更快速的訪問介質（CPU Cache），將CPU經常訪問的指令和數據，放置到CPU Cache中，系統的整體執行速度大幅度提升。I/O性能瓶頸問題轉移到了存儲如果內存的訪問速度相對CPU太慢，那麼磁盤的I/O訪問速度相對CPU來說就是“不能忍”了。下表是不同存儲介質的訪問延時，在虛擬化環境下或雲環境下，由於I/O基本都是隨機I/O，每次訪問都需要近10ms的尋道延時，使得CPU基本處於“等待數據”的狀態，這使得核心業務系統運轉效率和核心應用的用戶體驗都變得很差，直觀的感受就是業務系統和桌面應用“很卡”。
基於SSD構建平衡系統和前人解決內存訪問延時問題的思路類似，現在的主流方法是使用內存和SSD作爲Cache來解決I/O性能瓶頸。存儲系統能夠分析出數據塊的冷熱程度，將經常訪問的數據塊緩存到內存和SSD中，從而加速訪問。不論是全閃存存儲，還是混合介質存儲，從某種意義上講都是層次存儲，只不過混合陣列多了一層磁盤介質。學過計算機體系結構的人都聽說過著名的Amdahl定律，這裏我們要介紹一個Amdahl提出的“不那麼著名”的經驗法則：在一個平衡的並行計算環境中，每1GHz的計算能力需要1Gbps的I/O速度與之匹配假設一臺服務器有2顆E5-4669 v3的CPU，每顆CPU有18個核，36個超線程，主頻是2.1GHz，那麼我們可以計算一下，這樣的一臺服務器需要151Gbps （即~19GBps）的帶寬。在大規模的雲計算（虛擬機算）環境中，極端情況下，大量的I/O併發使得存儲收到的I/O都變成隨機I/O，在這麼一個併發環境中，假設我們的訪問大部分都是8KB的讀寫，根據上面的計算，我們需要爲一臺服務器配備近250萬的IOPS讀取速度。在不考慮系統總線的情況下，如果我們用SAS/SATA硬盤來提供這個IOPS，即使每個SAS/SATA盤可以提供近250的IOPS（實際數值更小），僅爲構建一臺平衡的服務器計算存儲環境，就需要大概1萬個SAS/SATA硬盤。在稍大規模的虛擬化環境，想要搭出一個平衡的系統，用傳統的SAS/SATA硬盤幾乎不可能完成任務。但是如果採用能夠提10萬“寫IOPS”的SSD設備，25塊SSD就夠了。層次存儲的優勢“層次存儲”是相對“全閃存”而言，是指將容量大但是速度較慢的HDD和速度快的SSD同時構建在系統中，通過數據的訪問特性，將經常訪問的熱數據放置在SSD中，而冷數據放置在HDD中。首先，爲構建一個平衡的虛擬化環境，需要大量的SSD設備來提供足夠的IOPS.但是SSD也不是完美的。目前的SSD擦寫次數有限、價格高。層次存儲將熱數據放置在SSD層中，而大量的冷數據仍然放置在SATA硬盤上，下圖是對11個開發人員桌面負載的I/O統計，包含了對5.1TB大小的存儲上的76億次IO訪問和28TB的數據傳輸。首先值得注意的是，有3.1TB（62%）的數據，在一年內從來沒有被訪問過，這意味着這些數據無論是放置在SSD上，還是SATA上，甚至放到U盤上拔走，對系統都沒有影響。熱數據週期性的同步到HDD硬盤，既爲用戶熱數據提供了高IOPS的保障，也通過SATA硬盤提供了更大的容量和可靠性。

Data center migration operation operate prompt

Data center migration, there is no doubt that for any mission critical data center processing enterprises, the most critical component is not the capacity of the data processing server or UPS battery type;It is to safeguard data center operation operation personnel life property security related measure.Usually, in the event of a fire, the smoke in the fire, rather than the flame itself, is often the greatest threat to the safe evacuation and survival of the threat.Therefore, when a fire, data center and in the relevant fire extinguishing system, setting the safety evacuation exit, fire protection facilities and fire alarm system is so far to reduce/avoid personnel within the building in the center of the data were injured or killed one of the most important way.

Building codes and data center may need put extra life safety equipment, or data center construction of the owner or operator may increase the life safety equipment, in order to increase security.Below, we will give you a brief overview of these measures.
Fire extinguishing system
Automatic fire extinguishing systems usually have four basic types: water-based wet, water-based dry, non-water-based wet and non-water-based dry.A water-based "wet" system is an ordinary pressurized water system running through an iron conveyance system;It usually runs on its own dedicated water supply line and is separated from other water supply lines in the data center building."Dry" system based on water is usually a loft for warehouse, parking lot, and the slot of power lines, and water through space, such as the heating position of water-based wet system, main remain vacant, but iron pipes to avoid freezing.These pipes are pressurized when activated.Due to water based system (wet and dry) is more effective than other systems, and usually cost is cheaper, so they are widely used frequently, but rarely is believed to be the best choice for data center computer room, because they can damage expensive servers and data can not be replaced.
Water - based systems are usually "wet" chemicals and "dry" chemicals."Wet" chemical systems (including foams and gels) are mainly used in commercial cigarette hoods to inhibit grease, oil and electrical fires;Because "wet" foam and gels damage printed files, cables and computer files, they are rarely used in other parts of the building.However, some of the "dry" chemical systems are usually designed to deliberately leave a sticky residue (to help put out the embers), it is good in some cases, it is certainly not for a data center server.Other dry chemical systems are not designed to leave lasting residue, so they are widely used as "cleaners".The national fire protection agency (NFPA) will this kind of cleaner is defined as "not conductive, volatile, or when the evaporation will not leave a residue in the form of gas fire extinguishing agent" - so many in the industry prefers to be used for data to the server room in the center of the fire extinguishing system.
Set safe exit
The setting of safe exit is to ensure that when a fire accident occurs in the data center building, the relevant staff can escape the safe escape route of the burning building as soon as possible.It often has a fireproof enclosure (including firewalls, fire staircases and fire floors/ceiling components);At the same time, these safe escape routes often use such guidance as reflective exit signs, flashing flashes and emergency lighting to indicate the direction of the escape route.These safe escape routes usually lead people to escape from the data center building to the open public Spaces, which also comply with the relevant legal definitions of public safety.
Of course, the data center's safe exit is more complicated than other buildings.Due to the data center are usually set has a long channel (usually 500-800 feet in length) and connect to export the stairs, and built a typical data center in the design of large channel need to pay special attention to, when its near data center server (rather than in the main channel at both ends, as a typical office building or hotel), it will need to set up their own export channels.In addition, the long channel of the data center needs to be exported, because large floor boards can easily exceed the distance between "public access" and "dead Angle".
Isolate the fire
In summary, fire prevention measures are used to prevent the spread of fire and smoke in the entire data center building by adopting a fire barrier at the main site.These fire barriers include: fire doors, fire prevention floor/ceiling components, open fire protection (fire fire shutter release and overhead door) and the firewall (the walls in the vast majority of the stairs, corridor walls, and many internal tenants to dividing walls, some walls and any two of interior wall of the building's most widely used).Through fire rating to maintain the integrity of fire protection layer is also very important (for example through sealed electrical pipes, electrical tray and plumbing pipe or provide automatic release on mechanical pipe and register fire damper valve).Also, through the adoption of smoke sealing barrier (provided around the internal fire door and window frame of the gasket, the internal fire door seal, seal belt between the drywall and sealant or smoke spray/wall and ceiling joint gap filling) to form a smoke barrier is also critical.
Because the owner of the data center and management researchers usually hope phased gradually adjust the structure of its internal decoration, this makes the data center of fire control is much more complicated than other building types.Most of the data center must online online as soon as possible, so the data center buildings are often built in stages: the first stage, its data center building construction permit and construction schedule, and then handed them to the subsequent stage of the construction team.During the design process, these early stages need to be taken into account in order to provide a complete and independent security export system.In addition, due to the rating data centers typically use plasterboard is connected to the floor or roof exposed underside (e.g., concrete floor or metal roof decorating plate), so need to pay special attention to the fire protection and smoke seal seams of walls and ceilings.
Data center is different from other types of building another point is that its internal installation of related equipment (especially their server racks and cable tray) occasionally experience requires relocation requirements, has already established that could damage the firebreak.When I visited the site of a data center site, I had seen rectangular openings through several established walls (all aligned with each other).Apparently, the cable tray of its servers had once crossed the wall and was removed.But these openings are left unsealed.At the scene of the other data center operations, on the other hand, during the visit, I found that through the established wall (especially the cable bracket or single line), do not seem to accord with the requirement of any tested fire penetration system.
Alarm system
The fire alarm system usually includes an electric bell or horn (and strobe light) connected to a fire and smoke sensor, and usually must be connected to the local fire department in the data center.These alarm system (usually requires the entire data center building there a bell or horn, and almost all of the contact area of the flash will be for the use of auditory handicaps) means that you can in the event of a fire is urged officials to evacuate as soon as possible, and then guide the personnel evacuation along the safest way to export.Data center and its complicated management system to ensure its operation need special operation staff's life safety, so the alarm will never connect to other alarm system, such as security and energy management system.
Further action
But in addition to the standard method to ensure the safety of life, the relevant building codes or regional government regulators may also require the use of other tools to ensure staff safety of life, or data center building owner or operator may use these tools to increase security.Here are a few examples.
Establish an ADA fire safety (two-way communication), it is called a refuge area, the area can for people with physical disabilities and unable to leave quickly provide shelter, so they can in the event of a disaster can temporarily located in safer environment, at the same time make a phone call and wait for help.
In the data center building, a safe evacuation plan is posted along the main exit passageway (especially near the exit staircase) to clearly mark "you are here!"And allow the relevant staff to review and understand the building evacuation routes prior to normal working hours and emergencies.
Set up high-level template to help avoid because during the daily maintenance of physical devices, and later the renovation during the construction period or in building a new stage of internal oversight, caused by the fire rating.
Post warning label specific room door, indicate which room (such as server room) should be specially protected by chemical fire extinguishing system, so as to encourage the relevant personnel to evacuate from the room, and won't see these rooms as fire control safety
Final act
The final measure is periodic inspection.In data center construction during the period of construction, especially in the building will be put into use and used with permission to sign, and before the presentation, project general contractor to deal with all potential factors influencing life safety personnel for preliminary examination.The work should at least be as follows:
At any stage of temporary storage building materials will not be blocking safe passage, and the safety of the public traffic channel availability (in a data center during the field trip, I actually saw a particular external export plywood was deliberately covered on the door, but exit sign above the door is still lit).
Confirm that the relevant reflective safety exit sign in the data center building is installed and visible along all exit paths (including in the large server room).
Small and visible signs are marked on all emergency lights (I find many manufacturers ignore such instructions).
Ensure that all area lights can be turned off to test for continuous emergency lighting.
Enable the internal smoke screen door test to ensure that its automatic pull-out function is normal (its operation is usually as simple as the flip switch to release its fuse wire).
Confirm that all fire doors are covered with smoke.
Ensure that the firewall is equipped with a smoke proof wall (wall duct tape and spray or sealant smoke sealant) and fire penetration device.
Confirmation standard orange plastic cap on sprinkler and smoke sensor (in most of the data center in the process of construction, has been installed, and regular maintenance to prevent damage and dusty) have been removed, I find it difficult to see in the server room cold channels, because they tend to be pipe, cable tray and wiring.
Verify fire rating marks on the doors and door frames are not painted (if paint the shave their want to paint or even find fire rating symbol is very difficult, especially when the door is equipped with only allow its only 15 seconds at a time when the alarm display).
Confirm the installation at the specified nonflammable any timber buildings (such as temporary walls, electric or telephone service plywood and roof mechanical platform) has no combustible label on (according to my experience, the paint label and use the standard combustible plywood often appear on the wood bolt).
During the design and construction, and then, using the above to ensure life safety precautions and procedures, to reduce the spread of fire and smoke, raise survival rate of the data center to protect data center is the most valuable assets: its internal operations staff safety operation.

The core points of website design must be done well

Website design, as a platform for the promotion of enterprise network marketing, enterprise website is a postcard for the enterprise to carry out the Internet publicity. It has the characteristics of brand, professionalism and uniqueness. In order to make the Internet publicity more effective, we need to pay more attention to the core points of some websites when developing websites, so as to ensure the subsequent development of websites is more stable and healthy. What are the main points to be paid attention to in the design of the specific successful website?

First, accomplish the goal of the enterprise
No matter what we do, we will have a definite goal. For example, we learn to test a good university. We work hard in order to live a better life or achieve our value. The construction website is also the same, different websites have different goals, the goal of the enterprise website is to sell the product. So we must always think about this topic in the process of building website, confirm that this website is to publicize its products to customers, or to sell products to customers, and then build different types of websites according to different requirements.
Second. Search engine optimization
When we search data on the web, we will input what we want to find in the search bar, and then the webpage will automatically appear data information related to the key you entered. So in order to get the public to quickly find the site you build, you need to optimize the search engine. There are a lot of optimization methods.
1, the key words are as short as possible
In general, we enter the keyword when we look up the data, not the whole problem, because that's too much trouble. So the keyword of the website is as short as possible, so you can quickly appear your website when others enter the key. In addition, the keyword of the website can be set up a little more, so the possibility of being found will be a little bigger.
2, clean up the garbage in the website
Generally speaking, the website that first appears through search engine is some high quality website. So if you want to rank the top of your website, you must regularly clean up the content of the website. Reduce the spam in the website and improve the overall quality of the website.
Third. Customer centered
The web site is designed to face customers, so the site must be customer centered. First of all, we should investigate the customer's preferences and customer requirements in advance. When designing and making the website, we should combine the customer's requirements as far as possible. In addition, we can make a special module for customer experience and let them feel the goods in advance. The last is service. Now the social service is more important than the goods, so the website's service must be in place, especially after sale service, so it can't take care of customers when customers finish buying things.
Fourth. Pay attention to details
Details determine success or failure, in the process of enterprise website development should pay attention to every little detail, because in the market there are many sites of the same type, so if you want to become a leader in these sites must have a reason. Some small details are easily handled by others.
Fifth. The supervision and management of the website
The supervision of website must be in place, do not let the website develop to a bad direction, and try to use various management modes, so that it helps to better manage the website. These problems need special attention in the process of building the enterprise website, because they are related to the success or failure of a website, so they are not so careless.

光纖系統，你不可不知的技術趨勢與標準

2017年，光纖系統的應用已經被大衆所知，例如自動駕駛、個人AI助手、遠程醫療等，都將因爲5G技術的突破而實現，到底5G與4G技術的差異在哪裏呢？這就得從有線、無線傳輸開始說起。

顧名思義，有線傳輸代表透過實體介質傳送數據，而無線傳輸則是透過電磁波傳送訊號到基地臺，接着轉往電信系統商的機房傳輸。以有線傳輸來說，目前單條光纖最高速度已經能達到26Tbps，幾乎是傳統網速的上萬倍之快，因此，當前世界各國苦心鑽研的，是打破無線傳輸的速度限制。
5G技術除了常見的電磁波傳送外，近年竄紅的還有光波傳輸Li-Fi（Light Fidelity），是相當於Wi-Fi的可見光無線通信（VLC）技術，能利用發光二極管（LED）燈泡的光波傳輸數據，除能提供照明與無線聯網，還可避免產生電磁干擾。
然而在無線傳輸技術的研發主流上，仍是以電磁波傳輸爲主，其中的頻率範圍扮演了重要角色，它的公式原理也很簡單─頻率越低（如特低頻VLF，3-30KHz），速度越慢，同時它的波長也就越長（長波，1，000Km-100Km），傳輸範圍更廣，目前主要的應用爲遠程離通信。
反之亦然，頻率越高（至高頻EHF，30-300GHz），速度越快，波長越短（毫米波，10mm-1mm），傳播範圍也就越短。
而目前的第五代移動通訊系統（5G）標準，雖然預計將於2018年中訂出，但下一代移動網絡聯盟（Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance）則早先定義了5G網絡的要求：以10Mbps的數據傳輸速率支持數萬用戶；以1Gbps的數據傳輸速率同時提供給在同一樓辦公的許多人員等等規定；支持數十萬的併發連接以用於支持大規模傳感器網絡的部署等。成爲各大電信系統商欲達成的目標。
5G厲害在哪裏？
5G並不是簡單提升速度就好，它還得包含許多特性：包括毫米波、MIMO（Multiple-Input Multiple-Output）、波束賦形、D2D等。所謂的毫米波，也就是前述所提到的高頻，然而爲什麼我們過去不使用速度更快的高頻呢？是因爲高頻過去多半運用於軍事上，另外則是有成本的考慮。
成本的考慮又是什麼？假使電磁波的頻率越高，波長就越長，連帶地它的繞射能力也就越差，就如同衛星通訊及GPS導航一樣，對於傳輸方向有一定要求，因此，電信系統商就得興建更多的基地站來傳遞訊號，成本也就跟着水漲船高。舉例來說，原本一個4G的基地臺就能覆蓋的範圍，5G基地臺就得裝設6-8個基地臺纔夠用。
爲了解決這項問題，多數電信商會使用微型基地臺（Microcell），來取代過往的大基地臺，成本也能跟着下降，這時也會引發一些疑慮，如果架設了這麼多的基地臺，會不會造成更多的輻射污染呢？
這可以用一種簡單的模擬來說明：在一間房間裏，用一個大功率的暖爐好，還是數個小功率的暖爐好呢？答案當然是後者，因爲後者的覆蓋良好，熱能不會集中於某區域散播，而是相對分散，並且速度快，功率影響也更小。
而MIMO又是什麼呢？答案是裝設“更多的天線”。爲什麼智能手機內能容納更多支天線呢？是因爲當頻率越高時，波長短，天線也就跟着縮短。過去的大哥大多有一隻長長的天線，而今日卻已經不常見了，並不是因爲它們不再被需要，而是縮小嵌入整隻手機裏頭去了。
而5G時代使用的毫米波，天線也能再度縮小。因此，除了可以將更多的天線塞入手機外，微型基地臺內也能放入更多的天線，接收與發送訊號的窗口越多，處理速度也能大幅增加，達到所謂的“多進多出”。
控制電磁波的傳輸方向
再來是具備高技術門坎的波束賦形。電磁波的傳輸，一般是用四散、廣播的方式傳遞訊號，然而我們通常只需要將訊號朝着某方向傳遞即可，多數的電磁波能量都被大幅浪費。
而波束賦形則是可以控制射頻訊號，使得基地臺站上的電磁波，能對準它提供服務的對象（智能手機），並隨之改變方向。透過此項精準傳遞訊號的服務，可以大大提升基地站的服務數量。
最後一項5G特性─D2D（Device to Device），則代表當日後使用5G技術時，不再需要透過基地臺來轉送訊號，即可讓鄰近的兩臺無線裝置能夠建立直接聯機（Device-to-Device Link）來進行通訊，大幅度地降低基地站的使用資源。
5G在生活中實現
而在什麼時候才能夠看到5G實現在日常生活中呢？目前已經有部分5G技術開始進行測試，例如美國AT&T和Verizon正測試家庭和企業的5G寬帶固網；而韓國的電信商則希望趁着2018年平昌冬季奧運會時，能夠提前讓5G網絡到位；世界各地的電信商則預估將在2020年開始提供5G的移動服務。
2017年11月，美國電信商Verizon也宣佈在2018下半年將在加州推出業界第一個商用5G固定無線接入寬帶網絡服務，並在年底前擴張市場。此外，Verizon宣佈將和瑞典電信設備製造商Ericsson合作，Ericsson將成爲2018年商用固定無線接入5G服務的網絡設備供貨商。
目前各家電信商正在進行多種模型的測試校正，包含網絡的建立方式以及使用的電磁波頻段，可預見的是，5G將是新一波的戰場，勝出的技術和方案將成爲業界標準，也能在新世代中取得領導地位。

常見的機房建置方法的優劣對比

機房建置，任何事物都不能以偏概全。當然，建設數據中心也是如此。地理位置，功能，財務狀況，以及其他因素通常會對數據中心的建設與設計產生影響，因此，數據中心的建設通常有更多不同的設計和施工方法。

然而，數據中心常見的建設方法有四種，但每一種方法都有其優勢和弱點。
（一）投標設計建設
大型數據中心的建設通常採用傳統的承包和計劃交付模式。在這種方法中，數據中心業主在規劃、設計、施工階段，分別與設計團隊，顧問和施工經理簽訂合同。
優勢
這種方法的主要優勢是參與者對此都有所瞭解。換句話說，沒有真正的學習曲線。更重要的是，由於設計團隊和施工團隊各不相同，其系統有一些制衡和平衡，以幫助保持質量控制和設計意圖。數據中心業主可以掌握項目的訣竅，可以控制數據中心建設的各個方面以及實施的情況。在財務上，這種方法鼓勵團隊競爭，通常爲客戶提供最好的價值。
弱點
這種方法面臨的問題是數據中心業主必須擁有管理項目團隊的專業知識和資源，幫助解決設計和可構建性問題，並承擔設計錯誤和變更的責任。數據中心的團隊成員的時間，價值工程、協作和進度改進的機會有限，通常是通過重疊的設計和施工活動來實現的。這些因素也會影響建設成本，如果施工開始時需要變更，這會讓變更訂單和進度的成本可能越來越高。
（二）自己設計建設
設計建設的合同爲數據中心工程和建設提供了一個單一的方法。數據中心的設計團隊和施工團隊共同努力，達到超越客戶期望的目標。
優勢
這種方法的主要好處是數據中心的設計和施工隊伍共同採取行動來管理項目並解決問題。數據中心的業主專注於性能規範，設計審查，以及一般項目進度。當團隊一起解決問題的時候，早期的協調會導致更有效的進度、更少的訂單和更多的創新。
弱點
在這個系統中，更多傳統模型的制衡並不明顯，因此數據中心業主需要密切關注整個開發過程中的性能規範，並瞭解與設計構建團隊簽約的項目範圍和風險。換句話說，設計與建立的合同關係限制了設計團隊對客戶利益的傳統宣傳。通過這種方法，競爭可能不會那麼激烈，因爲擁有管理大型設計程序的經驗和專門知識的公司較少。
（三）預製解決方案
預製數據中心的初始靈感是在困難或偏遠的地方部署數據處理設施。如今，有更多的製造商和解決方案可供選擇，其選項包括兩個主要類別：①基於標準集裝箱的模塊化部件；②按客戶要求定製的模塊化組件，在工廠生產製造之後，並以多種方式發運。
優勢
這種方法最顯著的優點是部署時間更快。通過標準的設計和可重複的實施過程，數據中心業主獲得一致的產品，更高效地利用空間和基礎設施，通常每個機櫃的功率超過20kW，PUE值在1.2到1.5之間。使用這種可以擴展的方法，數據中業主可以隨着需求的變化擴展數據中心設施。
弱點
然而，這種數據中心的標準化確實存在一定的缺陷。在某些情況下，由於缺乏選項可能導致在需求變化時更換或移動組件的能力不足或其他重大問題。此外，由於機械和電氣系統的拓撲和容量是由製造商定義的，它們可以集成在模塊和專有的範圍內，使得與現有設備解決兼容問題變得更加困難。這些模塊化設備通常實施長途運輸，可以讓設備暴露在外，或遭受振動和顛簸，可能會影響這些設備的最終性能。
（四）開發商的交付
隨着數據中心房地產行業在過去幾年中呈指數級增長，專注於識別，開發和營銷數據中心的房地產開發商和房地產投資信託基金公司的數量也在增長。在這種方法中，開發人員管理這個過程，爲數據中心用戶創建可以搬遷的設施。
優勢
使用此選項，除了對特定用戶需求的輸入之外，這項工作基本上是爲數據中心業主完成的。此選項還爲業主提供了一些靈活性來考慮在各種場所建設，如綠地，改建，重建，以及推遲資本支出。數據中心開發商也可能會從數據中心的租賃、運營，以及維護協議獲益。
弱點
這種方法的主要缺點是潛在的層次要求和可靠性不一致。在簽署任何合同之前，清楚詳細地記錄需求和同行審查，將有助於保護投資以及詳細的服務水平協議。這種方法也使開發商在租賃續訂方面佔據上風。重新定位或重建數據中心是一個複雜而昂貴的過程。同樣，由於數據中心的開發週期通常會持續三到五年，因此下一個數據中心設施的預先規劃或續租幾乎將立即開始，並再次爲租賃業主提供更多的主動權。
這些方法中的每一個建設方法都有自己的優點和缺點，其優缺點顯然取決於個別項目和所有者的需求和條件。但是，瞭解這些選項以及它們對最終產品的影響，對於成功的數據中心建設過程和最終產品都將有很大的幫助。

How many optical modules do you want to use for a data center migration?

Data center migration and high-speed optical module market has been growing rapidly since the end of 2016. Its core driving force is the upgrading and new demand of overseas large-scale / super large data centers for 40G and 100G modules.

Optical module, as the core device to realize photoelectric conversion, is widely used in the data center. At the rate of more than 10G or more than 10 meters, the optical module, or the active optical cable AOC wrapped by multi-mode optical fiber and VCSEL optical module, is the only mature wiring scheme. High definition video, live broadcast, VR and other new applications promote the rapid growth of global network traffic. Cloud computing, IaaS services, big data and other emerging applications demand higher data center data transmission. Therefore, the data center needs not only continuous expansion, new construction, but also the continuous evolution of the network architecture to achieve non blocking network performance.
In the process of data center architecture evolution, resulting in new changes of optical module needs, we calculate the traditional three layer architecture, three layer architecture improved and new two tier structure analysis can be seen, with the development of network architecture, a single cabinet need light module configuration significantly increased.
1) the number of optical modules under the traditional three layer architecture is about 8.8 times the number of cabinet (8 40G light modules, 0.8 100G optical modules).
2) the number of optical modules under the improved three layer architecture is about 9.2 times the number of cabinet (8 40G optical modules, 1.2 100G optical modules).
3) two layer architecture of emerging optical module number about 44 or 48 times the number of cabinets (where 80-90% is the 10G optical module, configuration module of 8 40G or 4 100G module); from the high-end optical module needs to see, the overseas market due to the rapid development of cloud computing and other downstream applications, rapid development of firms self third party data center data center and cloud computing, network architecture to flat continuous evolution, produced strong demand for high-speed optical module. In contrast, the domestic market is still in the early stage of development due to the downstream applications, and the network traffic pressure and the data transmission demand of the data center are relatively low. Therefore, the domestic high-speed optical module market still needs to wait for the downstream applications to mature.
Data center flat is mainly used to solve data flow in Data Center (east-west). East-West data are mainly driven by cloud computing, cloud migration, IaaS virtual configuration, distributed computing, and big data (large data volume, storage and different servers). Overseas markets, such as AWS, Google and other cloud platforms, Salesforce and other professional platforms, as well as the rapid development of distributed computing and big data applications, push data center flat and generate strong demand for high-speed optical modules. In contrast, domestic downstream applications are still in the stage of market cultivation and business mode exploration. The domestic high-speed digital optical module market is expected to enter the explosive growth stage after its downstream application reaches maturity.

Website design what are the key points to be controlled?

Website design For the development of the enterprise, it is very important. There are countless websites in the Internet, which also shows the importance of the website to enterprise marketing. There are many problems in the process of setting up a business. Many enterprises ignore the existence of these problems, which results in a big problem after the completion of the station, but they don't know how to solve it. What phases are there in the process of building the station that need to be carefully controlled?

Early construction: the overall framework of the web site should be contoured
Website design requires strong practical ability. When designing the outline of a website, a general business can refer to a case or a peer website provided by a website. Here we should remind the decision-makers of the construction of the enterprise website. For the outline of the website, we must have their own new ideas, and do not imitate and copy them. Because only in the Internet to create a unique website full of personality color is the most competitive, in a word, the website must be "original".
The website address is a special consideration, most of a good domain name has been registered "rice farming" and the first, for in this area do not want to spend extra corporate website, follow two principles in the domain of choice: one is as close as possible with their own brand, such as spelling the brand with the letter, some enterprises directly on the domain name. This is good, but if the domain name is too long, the experience is not so good. Another principle is that the domain name is as short as possible, the shorter the advantage of the domain name will be fully reflected in the future website optimization.
Middle period: internal chain adjustment, navigation column, search optimization
The website probably has the outline, so it is necessary to work on the details. In general, at this time, most of the work site construction company to complete, and the enterprise responsible person only need to be "wrong" on it.
For people who have no sense of Web site, it seems that there is no clue to how to "look for things" on the site. So, here are a few small details:
1, the adjustment of the chain in the website.
The chain adjustment refers to the site of the internal links in the chain adjustment, adjustment, simple adjustment said links are to be connected to where, what is the link URL, are all pages have a link to this page? There is no death.
2. The adjustment of navigation column
Navigation column refers to the links between different pages, also known as breadcrumb navigation, linking home page, column center and content page. Users read and browse back and forth, so that website construction has a sense of hierarchy.
In the process of building a website, the navigation bar is often the first step to design the website. It is the sign of the website, and guides the customer to find the information and content needed faster. Of course, this effect is not all available in navigation columns, and it is possible to set up a navigation bar in a reasonable way.
Many people think that we should use a picture or FLASH technology in Web site navigation column content, because it will make people feel cool, but it will drag the page loading speed is not conducive to the user experience and hinder your search engine. So it is best to use text form for site navigation.
3. Search engine optimization
What will happen if a website is not promoted? The result is that you spend more than ten thousand yuan to do the website without promotion, and a production cost is only a few hundred yuan. Compared with the website that has spent 10000 yuan promotion, you are the vase, and the family website is rocking Qian Shu.
Now the website marketing concept, in fact, in the search engine optimization efforts, fully consider the website search engine search habits in the process of construction, promote the optimization process in the future, save a lot of effort, is conducive to the rapid increase in the short term ranking website.
Late Construction: content update and information management
Content updating plays an important role in the website promotion process. Continuous and stable quality updates will attract stable spiders to crawl. This will not only help the website's collection, but also have a great impact on the rankings.

如何做好機房建置的容量規劃

機房建置的容量規劃是一門科學，更是一門藝術。但隨着每年生成、傳輸和存儲的信息量呈幾何級數上升，即使建造規模再大的數據中心，也只是一個暫時的解決方案。儘管數據擴展的廣度和速度至關重要，但如何配置和連接數據中心的擴展單元同樣重要，而且往往被忽視。

數據中心運營商的首要任務是最大限度地提高供應商、雲用戶和雲交付服務的正常運行時間。由於數據量和用戶範圍廣泛，這一要求變得更加重要。然而，無論供應商的承諾或其服務級別協議（SLA）的承諾是什麼，都不可能達到100%的數據中心可靠性。
擴大數據中心設施規模的一個基本要素是使用一種結構最大限度地減少某些事件的負面影響。人們將其稱爲區域劃分，將其定義爲出於具體原因將數據中心劃分爲特定區域的手段。
就雲計算應用程序以及支持它們的數據中心而言，能夠以支持硬件和網絡的應用程序進行物理分割，從而在發生服務變更時消除擴散潛力。在理想的情況下，分區架構中有兩個元素：
存儲/計算集羣
網絡節點
（1）存儲/計算集羣
集羣是支持物理數據中心網絡和硬件的一個或多個類似應用程序的集合。例如，一家企業選擇將支持單個應用程序/業務單元的組件劃分爲不同的單元或集羣。該部門的目的是促進技術人員在儘可能最短的時間內識別、診斷和糾正問題。
（2）網絡節點
部署在數據中心建築物內的網絡節點爲一個或多個數據大廳提供網絡連接支持。每個節點可以支持多個集羣。這些功能結合起來可以最大限度地減少故障的負面影響。例如，在節點支持的多集羣配置中，一個或多個集羣的故障將僅限於該節點，從而使其餘的集羣能夠繼續運營而不中斷。
網狀網絡通常與機架和它們所在設備之間的連接性和冗餘性相關聯，其中包括服務器、存儲設備、交換機或節點（通常是機架頂部）。從數據中心的角度來看，網間聯網的概念是相似的。然而，在這種情況下，網絡節點支持的每個集羣之間以及單個或多個建築物內的節點之間存在互連。爲了實現這個級別的互聯網絡，每個設施的網絡節點需要通過多個管道路徑、光纖入口孔和相關入口點來提供服務，向每個建築物提供光纖連接，並提供支持所需的通道。
這種結構對雲計算提供商的主要好處是能夠在單個網絡節點內隔離和遏制服務中斷事件的影響，而不會影響建築物內其他集羣支持的應用程序/業務單元。從企業的收入和聲譽的角度來看，這種方法爲依賴最長正常運行時間的應用程序提供了理想的支持基礎設施。實際上，連接硬件的網狀網絡和連接集羣、網絡節點、數據大廳和建築物的網狀結構協同工作，以提供雲計算提供商和/或XaaS交付應用所需的高度可靠性。
互連網絡實現的基本要求是使用標準功率特定增量或“塊”的結構。例如，假設一個1MW的塊。數據大廳中的每個區塊或一組區塊具有獨立的MEP標識，其自身的消防區必須由多個光纖孔提供服務，並且包括多個入口點（POE）。這提供了連接集羣、節點、數據大廳和建築物所需的所需光纖，以實現相互齧合的結構。
從某種意義上說，雲計算和SaaS應用程序的持續增長已經導致了各種服務消費者成爲了“一籃子雞蛋”，具有一定的風險。儘管任何服務中斷都會對數據中心用戶造成負面影響，但云計算環境中出現類似事件可能會嚴重惡化。
因此，這些服務的提供商不斷尋求實現架構，以促進劃分應用程序的能力。這可以抑制網絡攻擊和設備故障造成的任何威脅，從而抑制和最大限度地降低對客戶的下游影響。在評估可能的服務提供商時，瞭解他們的體系結構如何促進或抑制他們實現多層次遏制和連接的能力很重要。確保網絡方法與分區保持一致是考慮到企業利潤潛在損害和最終用戶滿意度的關鍵。

Data center migration, reasons for applying virtualization of data center

Data center migration, virtualization, and cloud computing technology are changing the pattern of computing technology. In order to make use of this wave of technology, enterprises need to virtualization existing physical servers, storage, network and other devices that constitute the current infrastructure.

If the enterprise is looking for ways to improve the physical data center, virtualization may provide the enterprise with the answer. People can get more information about the virtualization of the data center and understand the eight benefits of the virtualized data center.
1. speed up redeployment when one of the physical servers in the data center fails, redeployment time depends on a variety of factors. The enterprise needs the standby machine available and has the current effective image for restoring the server. Virtualization reduces these problems by using a virtual machine snapshot to redeploy the server, and does not require a downtime, which does not affect the user (ydotpub).
2. better backup, in addition to the traditional virtual server backup, can also create snapshots and backups of all virtual machines. A snapshot can be regularly implemented in a day so that the current image is deployed on other servers. The snapshot starts the machine faster than the backup, thereby minimizing the downtime.
3. a better test virtual environment provides a good test platform for new servers and applications. When the test is wrong, the snapshot can be quickly and simply restored to the older version. An enterprise can also easily create a test environment that is isolated from end-user access.
4. improving the disaster recovery of the current server and virtual machine snapshots can simplify the disaster recovery process. By including the backup (if it is a network addressing scheme of enterprise), enterprises can re create a data center in any virtual environment, even if the virtual machine hosting data center itself will failure and disaster, so companies need to obtain a more powerful disaster recovery capabilities, and ensure that business continues to run.
5. eliminating vendor locking with the emergence of new technologies brings possibilities for the abstraction of the inherent hardware and software in virtualization. The virtual environment of an enterprise can make full use of the flexibility of using new hardware or software platforms.
6. single - purpose server virtualization will not require multiple applications on a single physical server to reduce costs. Today, the e-mail, Web, and database servers of an enterprise can run on their own virtual servers. This will lead to more reliable function of the organization as a whole.
7. more easily migrated to cloud enterprises to use virtual machines instead of physical servers, making it a big step towards creating a complete cloud computing environment. Virtual machines can be used to create cloud based infrastructure and eventually be transferred to the cloud infrastructure. By using this virtualization technology, the enterprise can access all connected devices (ydotpub) at the cloud end.
8. environmental and economic benefits are virtualized, and enterprises can take advantage of the economies of scale provided by the data center and use fewer servers. This will greatly reduce the cost related to the use of cooling and electricity, reduce the carbon footprint, and make companies more attractive to environmental consumers. It can also reduce the cost of hardware. Together, these factors make virtualization a real cost saving measure and means for the enterprise.
Through all the advantages provided by virtualization, enterprises need to start migrating their data center business into virtual space. The first step in a good start is to use port virtualization technology. Enterprises may first want to virtualization several servers, but after recognizing these advantages, enterprises may be on the way of data center comprehensive virtualization.

The key points of Website design for mobile website optimization

Website design, with the rapid development of mobile Internet and the popularity of smart mobile phone, Wap mobile phone website up more gradually, mobile search optimization has become a new battlefield site SEO optimization, SEO optimization of the mobile terminal with the popularity of mobile intelligent terminal is particularly important, even the construction of many mobile phone enterprise website also seem very urgent. The initiative is to win business opportunities. What are the main points of the mobile web site optimization that need to be paid attention to? 1, mobile web site and PC web site for mobile adaptation
Today, we talk about the optimization of the mobile site, only the mobile site of the mobile phone in Baidu to do the optimization, first of all, the need for the PC side and the mobile phone end to do well. Baidu mobile engineers have said that Baidu mobile will take priority in sorting mobile terminals. Therefore, PC mobile website has more advantages than mobile terminals.

The enterprise needs to do a good job of mobile end matching, allowing users to jump to the mobile site independently when they visit the website at the mobile end. Now, the Baidu stationmaster platform has opened the mobile terminal and the PC side. Only need to operate according to the method provided by Baidu stationmaster.
2, the TDK attribute difference between the PC end and the mobile end
The content of the PC - side web site is far more than the content of the mobile site. Therefore, the mobile site needs to be accurate and concise. The SEO optimization of the mobile site needs to refer to the Baidu mobile search specification instead of copying the PC side.
The difference between the mobile end and the PC end TDK is mainly on the character. If more than 24 of the Title in the Baidu mobile search results page are truncated, it is suggested that it is best not to exceed 17 Chinese characters.
3. The link structure of the website
For mobile web sites, more emphasis is placed on the good link structure of the web site. Good link structure not only includes website navigation and user experience, but also lets customers conveniently view contents, and also makes spiders easier to crawl and crawl.
So on the link hierarchy, it is suggested that the link level do not exceed the 2 layer structure. Moreover, the web site link URL should use a short, static link, which helps the search engine to capture and judge web pages more effectively.
4, make more use of station platform tools to diagnose the website problem
At present, the domestic Baidu, 360, Sogou, and the Google abroad are free to provide station platform. When it comes to the website problem, the station platform will diagnose the site problem. Therefore, we need to make reasonable and full use of webmaster tools to make a website diagnosis, so as to ensure the good results of the website.
For example, mobile adaptation can directly submit the matching relationship and speed up the ability to identify and judge the search engine.
5, URL link 301 jump
Baidu has strictly explained that the PC end 301 does not apply to the mobile terminal, including these shielding spiders, such as robots. Therefore, we need to do a good job of URL link 301 jump and robots file blocking spider grabbing at the mobile end.
Baidu mobile search adaptation is not only the 031 jump of URL links, but also the adjustment and layout of its content structure, because there are differences between PC terminal content layout and mobile terminal content layout.

機房建置實現高效運維的祕訣

機房建置，隨着2017年中國“量子衛星”“量子計算機”等重大科研技術的突破，2018年雲計算進入2.0的飛速發展時代，智慧城市信息化建設、應用數據量的井噴，使數據中心基礎設施的迅速落地建設、爲用戶提供高效節能的雲設施服務。數據中心運維管理工作作爲數據中心持續運行重點保障任務，其工作範疇涉及多門學科，需要合理的運維體系和具有創新性、愛專研的運維團隊來爲後續運維工作奠定基礎。

同時，雲計算2.0高密度虛擬化架構化，越來越依賴於基礎設施的支撐，對數據中基礎設施的可靠性、持續性、大功率、時效性、模塊化、自動化等提出了更高的挑戰性，數據中心需要實現高效運維。那麼如何實現？

首先，我們要明確數據中心運維管理對象。

數據中心運維對象包含了機房基礎設施、IT設備、系統和數據、運維管理工具、運維人員等。

其次，我們要設立有效管理的目標。

數據中心運維管理過程是數據中心全生命週期中最後一個階段，也是歷時最長的一個階段，數據中心運維管理也是依託於已交付的數據中心基礎設施之上。通過有效的管理，最終使數據中心得以實現服務與經濟上的目標，實現運維管理的持續性、時效性、標準性、安全性和可用性5大目標。

然後，我們要明確運維團隊的工作職責與需要掌握的技能。

由於數據中心的持續性特性，需要由7*24小時運維人員進行技術支持運維服務，運維團隊主要職責是持續保障數據中心運行相關的基礎設施系統設備穩定連續運行，並掌握數據中心各類設備的工作原理、操作方法、初步故障排查診斷的技能。

因此，組建一支高綜合水平的運維團隊是做好數據中心運維管理工作的根本，運維團隊的建設就會變成運維管理工作中非常重要的一項工作內容。

下面我們重點講述運維團隊的建設。

一、運維措施

“人”

數據中心高精度設備、複雜的系統對運維人員技術提出了新的要求，需要人員必須掌握專業所需的技能，週期性對運維人員的日常工作規範化運維操作、應急響應、故障排查進行開展技術培訓和演練，通過演練總結經驗，完善、運維指標、運維技術標準、應急流程，提高團隊綜合應急響應能力。

“體系”

根據ISO9000質量管理體系標準，建立設施運行、系統巡查、數據採集、指標測試標準化等標準化記錄表單、完善設備運行管理、使運維質量管理制度化、體系化，提高運維品質，定期對運行管理制度進行經驗總結，修正歸檔、統一發布的流程標準管理方法。

運維體系是運維的基石，根據ISO2000 IT服務管理體系建立數據中心ITSM（IT Service Management）IT服務管理流程，對各設備、系統操作流程、應急響應流程進行設計、建設，通過對運維體系的建設、提高IT運維服務質量，降低設施事件發生的頻率和影響，對運維成員流程文件輸入、輸出的理論培訓、實操培訓，使流程不“固化”，流程更清晰、責任分工更明確，考覈量化，文檔規範化等。

“制度”

依據運維體系和指標對運維人員的工作行爲和取到的工作成績進行評估，並運用評估結果爲運維人員後續的工作和工作成績進行正面的引導。重點對人員的指標完成度、創新性進行觀察、挖掘引導潛在的運維潛力。在運維工作方面主要體現在運維保障上，確保服務的可用性、安全性和服務體系流程的標準化實施。通過周度、月度報表內維護量、故障量等數據進行工作量、工作效率進行評估。

“預警”

數據中心監控系統是現代信息化數據中心運行監控指揮控制中心平臺，通過數據採集、數據處理、數據存儲、數據展示、數據預警的方式進行對現場環境設備、網絡、溫溼度、電量、開關、設備運行狀態、壓力、能源信息進行集中化實施展示分析。根據容量計算算法對機櫃配電容量、冷卻容量、裝機量進行預警、評估、擴容優化。通過平臺數據接口二次開發將預警數據進行實施傳輸到運維人員工作通訊羣等平臺，實現了運行數據信息共享化、預警信息實時化。讓溝通簡單化、避免“信息孤島”等低效率現象，降低溝通成本、提高溝通效率的成果。

“測試”

數據中心繫統測試是運維工作中至關重要的環節。系統測試驗證是測試數據中心繫統設計、安裝、功能、調試是否與設計意圖相符合的一個重要過程，是設施獲得良好功能和可靠性運行過程中的重要組成部分，一個好的測試驗證不應僅滿足“測試”相關的設備功能指標，更重要的是“驗證”系統是否可以滿足運行階段的要求。

運維人員也應利用測試驗證的過程熟悉在管理設備的狀態和運行指標，驗證設備操作標準流程的可操作性，提高實際過程中操作和應對突發事件的運維經驗。

“容量管理”

隨着數據中心各式各樣的非標用戶的進入，通過專業知識及運維管理經驗對客戶提出的非標改造需求、對方案進行容量分析計算、佈局規劃、改造實施、功能測試、驗收交付的過程，針對容量管理計算使用流體動力學CFD技術進行熱仿真分析、對機櫃進行合理佈局、氣流組織改善、機櫃裝機量分析驗證。

對機房客戶改造項目通過使用BIM技術進行佈局，BIM是在項目全生命週期內，使用富含信息的三維模型作業中心數據庫，在項目相關干係人之間共同進行創建、檢查和溝通協調項目信息的一個過程。

BIM過程管理是一次對於傳統的項目工作流線性模式的大轉型。BIM的項目生命全週期鼓勵項目團隊全體成員在全生命週期內進行合作，BIM還提供了信息丟失時候、無縫溝通的平臺，使項目團隊能夠在早期進行重大決策，提高生產率、提高項目質量和進行持續性建設大道重要方向。

“運維管理”

通過不停的學習有效的管理思路，運維團隊建立即時通訊溝通平臺，在工作中實施，“走動式管理”、“PDCA”（即計劃（plan）、執行（do）、檢查（check）、調整（Action）），定期帶着問題對現場進行巡視、發現問題糾正問題和了解現場存在的問題和不完善的細節等問題，定期與員工進行交流，鼓勵大家對工作提出好的建議，在即時通訊平臺進行及時溝通，最大程度做到專人負責責任制，跟進問題的整改檢查和後續的持續完善的循環管理方法，減少“報喜不報憂”的不良現象。

二、運維計劃

通過運維“三控、三管、一協調”措施對運維工作的運維成本、運維品質、運維效率進行目標控制，對運維安全、代維服務商、信息進行管理，對運維各技術小組運維工作的協作協調。加強對團隊各小組人員安全培訓、技術實施培訓，技術文件的規範化、週期性的演練、團隊建設。