機房建置:光學技術與數據中心

機房建置,業界觀點專欄的記者採訪了來自InterOptic公司的首席執行官蒂姆·迪克森(Tim Dixon)先生,就光學產業在當前的IT業界所扮演的日益重要的角色問題進行了深入的訪談.InterOptic公司是一家數據互連公司,幫助全球財富500年強企業和政府相關機構的客戶管理其它網絡的帶寬,互操作性和複雜性。憑藉着其數十年的光學領域的專業知識,該公司爲其遍佈全球的廣大客戶提供了一系列數據互連解決方案,包括一整套的行業標準的光學硬件,而這些硬件與原始設備製造商所使用的技術相同,但成本較低。

業界觀點:數據中心業界的光學究竟是什麼?
蒂姆·迪克森:在數據中心的背景下,光學是光纖電纜和激光發射器/接收器的簡稱,它們是實現網絡,計算和存儲元素之間互連的大多數數據路徑。
業界觀點:當前的企業數據中心要如何才能從集成的光學技術設計中獲益呢?
蒂姆·迪克森:使用激光進行數據傳輸的技術方案可以追溯到上個世紀70年代,但在21世紀初,我們看到了可插入光學技術的快速普及,該技術提供了在部署數據速率和整體帶寬方面的靈活性,以及更容易的設備升級和維護。這方面技術的發展,加上縮小規模,以及技術成本和功耗方面的進步,都使得今天的數據中心大大受益。那些投資於光學網絡硬件和設計(例如光學無線電收發器)的企業組織將提高其它網絡的可靠性,傳輸處理速度和互操作性,以滿足日益增長的帶寬和擴展需求。
業界觀點:當前,有哪些技術和趨勢在擴展數據中心網絡的極限呢?而這些技術和趨勢所帶來的結果又是什麼呢?
蒂姆·迪克森:光學的信噪比信噪比(信噪比)帶來了一大限制,其限制了可以通過一個單一光纖所傳輸的聚合數據。近十年來,我們一直在積極的探索測試這個極限,首先是在長距離之間(數據中心之間)傳輸的測試,現在測試的則是短程的(數據中心內部)傳輸連接速度爲200 gbps及以上,以滿足5 g,物聯網,大數據,量子計算和其他新興技術的需求。這種需求增加了對速度,正常運行時間,可靠性和有效數據傳輸的需求。在數據中心,它導致平行光纖路徑的擴散,必須終止,監視,管理和處理每臺設備。電子領域的相關成本和複雜性正在持續增加,未來的數據中心設計需要採用更加簡單的,低成本的方式,並將這種複雜性的一部分分配到光纖層中,以獲得更高的吞吐量。
業界觀點:那麼,究竟是哪些因素決定了“哪種光學解決方案或項目”纔是最好的呢?
蒂姆·迪克森:的確,就像我們能夠在失去光澤的鏡子裏看到模糊的反射一樣,產生和傳遞光的元素對它的完整性會有很大的影響。對於設計元素的選擇以及測試,監控和供應鏈的可追溯性,所有的這一切要素結合在一起,提供了一個高性能的光學組件,其將在這個領域持續幾十年。
業界觀點:考慮到今後的帶寬需求只會不斷的增加,那麼,數據互聯的未來會怎樣呢?
蒂姆·迪克森:這個問題其實是與數據中心的“極限延伸”有關的。今天的數據中心在許多方面繼承了典型的計算機和網絡架構的設備設計方面孤島筒倉的方法,以及OSI模型的分層偏差。這種細分的,盒式的思維方式是一種經典的系統方法,但是,當您從全局來看時,其並非總是最有效的,最有創意,最符合成本經濟性的方法。我相信,你企業所需要的是通過一種更加全面的方法來處理未來的數據中心——這將是一種充分整合了我們所今天看到的邏輯和物理邊界的方法,各種光學元素都將在其中發揮作用。
業界觀點:企業如何解決快速且可負擔地增加數據中心帶寬的問題嗎?
蒂姆·迪克森:如果我們從近期來看的話,千萬不要把自己逼到牆角,讓自己陷入兩難的境地。我們目前已經看到了企業數據中心業界有朝着銅纜光纖互連發展的趨勢。這些解決方案雖然現在很便宜,但其在總體吞吐量,傳輸距離和路由多樣性方面都遇到了瓶頸。我們驚訝地發現,在當前企業的數據中心中,很少有副總裁或CIO關注硬件的生命週期成本。但事實上,在這種所謂“無聊的東西”上做出正確的決策可以幫助企業組織節省高達數百萬的資金,並促進其他關鍵它項目的成功。我們建議企業數據中心業主們不妨考慮尋找品牌相當的硬件供應商,這些硬件供應商的產品的性能表現甚至超過了思科和惠普等原始設備製造商,但他們的成本僅佔到後者的一小部分。
業界觀點:光學如何影響雲服務嗎?
蒂姆·迪克森:在我們看來,“雲服務”只不過是部署計算和存儲資源的地方。任何雲數據中心的基礎設施看起來其實都與全球財富1000年強企業內部的數據中心驚人地相似。
業界觀點:在企業數據中心的網絡環境中,是否會有一個“合適的時間”來取代光收發器嗎?
蒂姆·迪克森:對於我們的客戶而言,我們並不採用“替換/取代”這一說法,而更加傾向於採用“重新部署”這一術語。我們產品的使用壽命和可靠性應該意味着企業客戶永遠不需要更換它們。我們有來自美國聯邦政府機構的龐大的客戶羣部署,這些客戶採用我們的光學系統解決方案已經有近十年的時間了。它們只是被拔掉並在網絡中使用得更遠,這些更遠的網絡的帶寬需求更少,並且是那些早期的光收發器的一個很好的匹配。然後,隨着網絡和數據中心核心部署新的和更高性能的體系架構元素,它們可以遷移到更高吞吐量和更高性能的收發器。
業界觀點:您觀察到當前在大型企業數據中心的最大的趨勢是什麼呢?
蒂姆·迪克森:我們所觀察到的最大趨勢之一是從大型數據中心遷移遠離的趨勢。當然,我們目前仍然能夠看的五家或六家超大型的數據中心,但更多行業細分的企業則正在逐步遷移到採用微型數據中心。當貴公司有需要實時處理,且低延遲的應用程序,例如,對於在線網絡遊戲和高頻交易的情況,尤其如此。如前所述,在未來十年內,一套更全面的設計方法應該是適用的:數據中心將不是採用“一刀切”或“統一的規則”,而是偏向於更加定製化的,並且是針對每個行業和企業的具體應用程序的需求。
業界觀點:對於業界當前對於光學的一些常見的誤解,您有什麼想要澄清的呢?
蒂姆·迪克森:當前業界所廣泛流傳的一種說法是:所有的光學都是一樣的,但事情遠非如此。我們領導團隊中的每位成員都致力於光纖網絡領域都已經有20年的歷史了。當我們在貝爾實驗室,AT&T公司,羅克韋爾等公司設計早期的系統和解決方案時,我們顯然曾經做出過相當重要的選擇和權衡。即使在今天,我們在決定如何選擇組件,分析和測試關鍵參數,以及我們如何進行編碼等等方面,都有助於我們提升數據中心和網絡的性能和可靠性,因此在企業客戶滿意度方面也帶來了很大的差異化體驗。事實上,很少有(如果有的話)OEM在設計和部署光學硬件時提供如此程度的專業知識,持久性和個性化的服務體驗。

Datacenter migration, high speed Ethernet helps meet requirements

Datacenter migration,High speed Ethernet is rapidly becoming a network specification as the customer data center servers are increasing the amount of traffic from new, smarter applications, Internet devices, video, and so on.
According to IDC data, the overall 100Gb Ethernet revenue in the first quarter of 2018 increased by 83.8% to $742 million 500 thousand in the first quarter, and the first quarter port shipments increased by 117.7% over the same period. Dell 'Oro Group researchers say that the shipments of 100G Ethernet ports are expected to reach 12 million this year, compared with about 1 million on 100G Ethernet ports in 2016.

Sameh Boujelbene, senior director of Dell 'Oro Group, says many factors have driven the demand for speed up of data centers, such as the huge growth of super large networks from Google, Amazon and Facebook, as well as the price and performance of 100G products.
A recent study by PwC further explains why high-speed networks are needed. "As companies gradually break away from traditional enterprise data centers, workload becomes increasingly unitary. "They're becoming more decentralized, more mobile, and more like workloads typically associated with very large-scale environments," PwC writes. "In the next 1-3 years, almost all major workload will be transferred from internal deployment to public cloud. Applications will be more dependent on the network, and because of the distribution and dynamics of the workload, the network will become more important.
Roland Acra, senior vice president and general manager of CISCO's data center business group, says the demand for high-speed ports and more data driven from the dense edges of the network are pushing the backbone to upgrade.
"It is mainly driven by the evolution of the network interface card NIC on the server.  Most server connections are basically between 1G and 10G. Now, the server that connects to the top switch has changed a lot from 10G to 25G or 50G, which makes the overhead uplink want to reach higher density, 100G, "Acra said.
From 10G to 25G to 100G Ethernet
"The price of 25G is basically the same as that of 10G and 100G. The use of four channel 25GE, 100GE backbone platform requires less wiring, and lower space requirements and costs. Backward compatibility provides an additional choice for simplifying conversion, while extending the value of current assets, "CISCO said.
"Cloud and software-defined architectures are shaking the Ethernet switch and router markets," wrote Petr Jirovsky, IDC's global network tracking research manager. "The continuing price decline and the growing difference between the cloud and communication service providers and the purchase preferences of the enterprises have created a challenging environment for the suppliers, as well as the opportunity for the end users."
Cisco, Juniper, Arista, HPE and HUAWEI aim at data center.
Cisco, Juniper, Arista, HPE and HUAWEI are only a handful of vendors that actively seek market opportunities for high-speed and traditional Ethernet. Juniper recently launched EX4650 High Density 25/100 Gbps Switch, which supports 48 100G Ethernet ports, or 48 25G ports, and eight 100G uplink.
But the driver of 100G is only the beginning of high-speed Ethernet. Dell Oro reported earlier this year that it is estimated that by 2020, 400G will account for 20% of the exchange revenue of data centers. It is estimated that in the next five years, the higher speed of 100G, 200G, 400G and 800G will increase significantly.
"In December 2017, Broadcom announced the launch of a 56G SerDes-based Tomahawk 3 chip with innovative technology and Nephos," Boujelbene said. "We expect commercial chips based on 56G SerDes to boost shipments of 200 Gbps and 400 Gbps, with 400 Gbps accounting for the majority. By 2020 to 2021, we expect 112G SerDes to push another speed upgrade cycle to drive 800 Gbps port shipments, plus another wave of 200 Gbps and 400 Gbps shipments.
Cisco's Accra says there are two to three years to go before the 400 gigabytes, or at least until the 400 gigabytes plummet is attractive enough. "400G is still a concern for cloud and service providers. CISCO has not taken the 400G link as a priority. "
However, Juniper seems to want to achieve faster 400G Ethernet speed than now. (Juniper is looking forward to becoming the first person in 400GbE)

How do you control the details of the company's website design?

Website design, now for an enterprise, it is very necessary to build a website, but first of all, it should make clear the key points of building a website, so as to build a website faster and better, and let the website play its important role.That a good website construction also cannot leave to control the details, in the company website design we often need to pay attention to the following major details.

First, from the overall grasp
When we open a website, what attracts us should be the overall style of the website design. For example, at this time, we close the laptop and turn off the phone.What is alipay like?What is jingdong like...E-commerce sites, we found that even the same do website integral style has a lot of difference, the overall difference reflected on the whole style, also reflected in the local details, these details including the placement of the logo layout, the selection of image processing, the size of the interval, in different regions in the choice of alignment and spacing, and order.
Don't take these designs for granted, but they are a combination of aesthetics, psychology, big data and so on. Why the products recommended on Tmall homepage are quite different from those recommended on jd.com homepage?
Ii. Requirements for secondary website details
The company's web site design to secondary site details requirements.I have finished the homepage design of the website, which is the design of the secondary website. Compared with the homepage design, one is in front of the stage and the other is behind the stage.
The weight of a website, actually very second level domain name more or less has various relations, take link for example, in the home page, all links are real and effective, but in the second level domain name, there are a large number of invalid links, because of neglect of management, these dead links may be more and more, how to do?This requires attention to details. For this, at the beginning of the website launch, the production staff should check the required documents or attachments and check whether there are any omissions.Thoroughly check all links on your site for correct addresses, incorrect links, dead links, or poor logic.And after the website goes online, also must establish the regular inspection system, especially after the website upgrades, is a key work.
Of course, there are still many details to be improved in the secondary domain, such as some seemingly unimportant content and some important columns of the website, which are all displayed in the secondary domain in front of users and search engines, and guidance and interface design are very important.
3. Detailed construction of website background
Company web site design background details construction.Once thought the network editor complained that the company's background design was too maddening, the original text that had been arranged in the text editing tool version, to the background, the paragraph in front of two more lines, but had to be re-typesetting, no doubt, such a bad design, both more effort, experience is quite poor.
For example, picture editing, different background of the website, the requirements on pictures are different, there is a website background only two specifications for pictures, vertical version a specification, horizontal version a specification, this practice is not known why?Mobile web site has entered the era of responsiveness and the website backstage also abide by the inherent thinking, so the website backstage, and users, and it doesn't make much difference whether web site search engine optimization (seo), but don't forget, a web site with their employees, the background is convenient, there is no doubt to website optimization to provide a comfortable environment.
Iv. Content arrangement details
The content layout details of the company's website design, of course, we talk about the content from the design details, and the content details require the content of the website to be well formatted. When we do the design, we can use 12px font as the standard font of the website, but the content of the body should be set to 14px.Secondly, there are pictures. The pictures of the products should not be deformed.The tool and the background editor is profound relationship, show in front of the user's size, photo size, want to consider different devices display effect, of course, there are sites next to the content and advertising, in the presence of a large number of ads, do you have any blocking content, if there is any impact to the web page open speed, these are all web designers need to consider, advertising can bring profits for web site, however, maddening open speed, or interesting content is advertising make dazzling, ask yourself, do so, a better tomorrow for site, or harvest site bonus!
Don't think that the web design technology is very mature, you can take it lightly.In fact, the development of website design is very much like the development of mobile phones. Ten years ago, only mobile phones that accept the functions of SMS and voice calls were priced between 1,000 and 2,000 yuan.
The company's web site design also increasingly emphasizes user experience, and the better the user experience, the better the brand will be.And satisfying the user's idea is reflected in the details, which determine the success or failure of the details. This includes technology and human design.

機房建置,實時監控如何降低數據中心的功耗和運營成本嗎?

機房建置,數據中心的建設和運營成本越來越高。而根據數據中心所在的位置,其建設成本每兆瓦約爲700多萬美元。電力成本佔持續運營成本的70% ~ 80%,而美國電力成本平均爲每千瓦時0.0658美元,其價格從最高的馬薩諸塞州的0.1475美元到最低的蒙大拿州的0.0473美元不等。調研機構Gartner公司表示,由於人們對區塊鏈,人工智能和物聯網等技術和產品的需求增加,數據中心每年運營的成本增加至少10%。這些都是一切按計劃運行,並且沒考慮運行效率或設備損壞或需要更換時會發生什麼樣的情況,也沒有考慮相關的停機時間,維修成本,甚至數據丟失或業務中斷的影響。

企業管理人員關注利潤,這對於這種投資水平來說並不奇怪。當他們考慮數據中心運營時,需要考慮控制成本,同時確保數據中心爲組織提供真正的價值。如上面的統計數據所示,在考慮成本時,所有企業都需要對數據中心設備和冷卻設備的能源消耗這一關鍵領域進行考慮。除此之外,任何可能對數據中心運營產生負面影響的事情,包括設備報廢退役,事故,數據泄漏或環境問題,甚至由於過冷而導致能源使用效率低下。這些會耗盡資源,並增加運營成本,使許多企業高管對數據中心的成本居高不下感到擔憂。
如今的數據中心很少是一樣的,都在不斷髮展和改進。隨着計算需求的發展和存儲以及服務器技術的不斷改進,需要更新,更改和刪除設備。每次設備的修理,移動還是升級,都可能改變數據中心的成本結構。這使得無法通過使用人工流程來清點資產和評估運營狀態。
雖然不可能爲擁有或運營數據中心的組織消除這些成本,但可以通過優化數據中心以儘可能實現高效,以便組織支付最少的能源成本,在資產失敗之前或者過時之前刪除或替換資產,並在可能損壞設備或造成更多麻煩之前立即解決設備或環境方面的問題。否,則成本可能會失了控。
最佳實踐:實時監控
保持成本,跟蹤資產和實現此優化的最佳實踐是在整個生命週期內實時監控設備,從部署到運營和維護,再到資產退役的那一刻。這可以控制成本,確保設備和其他資源的最佳性能,並且對於許多企業而言,遵守PCI數據安全性,健康保險流通與責任法案(HIPAA)或服務組織控制(SOC)等相關標準以確保安全性和數據的可用性。
受實時監控影響的典型數據中心成本包括:
•用於溫度和溼度控制的能源
•購買新設備以替換過時的設備
•購買新設備以更換因泄漏,故障或環境條件變化而損壞的設備
•非工作設備造成的停機時間
•購買新設備以在現有設備未經優化和充分利用時擴大容量
•實時監控使數據中心管理人員能夠理解每個問題以及它們如何影響運營和成本
作爲運營成本的最主要的部門,能源使用是組織可以優化來降低成本的關鍵領域。監控能耗和風扇速度等事項將有助於數據中心管理人員瞭解數據中心如何運作以及在何處進行調整。有關環境條件的實時更新可以在潛在問題升級之前進行識別,例如火災,設備過熱或冷卻水或冷卻液泄漏,並且不再需要過度冷卻數據中心,以免因設備過熱而造成損壞。通過實時傳感器跟蹤溫度和設備性能,如果溫度發生劇烈變化,數據中心工作人員將會立即得到通知。
實時監控設備使企業能夠規劃其資產的生命週期,包括在設備過時之前移除或更換設備,並計劃切換,以最大限度地減少運營中斷和額外的人工成本。雖然新部署的設備功能更強大,效率更高,但並不一定能夠降低功耗,因此瞭解數據中心設備(無論新舊)如何影響電源和冷卻需求至關重要。在設備方面,另一個節省成本的重要措施是實時監控能夠使企業在損壞之前識別那些處於危險中的資產,以及可能發生的更嚴重問題(例如停機,丟失數據以及需要維修或更換設備)。停機對於企業來說是一項重大的成本,在某些情況下可能導致數據丟失或客戶流失。及時更換設備並應對潛在威脅是防止意外停機的關鍵方法。
許多數據中心管理人員並不瞭解其當前設備的效率或利用率,這在需要擴展時可能會出現問題。企業購買新設備以擴大產能,增加空間使用,設備和電力成本,而不是優化現有設備,並從投資中獲得最大價值。對現有設備和利用率的實時監控和理解減少或消除了這種超支。
實時監控至關重要,因爲它可以自動執行笨拙,耗時,通常不準確且快速過時的人工實施過程。它使企業能夠監控數據中心資產的確切位置,生命週期,性能,維護歷史和狀況,並獲得對影響運營的環境條件的重要洞察力。
其最終結果是節省成本,而這取決於降低能耗,降低存儲成本,更有效地利用能源,更有效地提高員工生產,以及在發生或之前識別和解決代價高昂的潛在問題的能力。
無論組織是在內部部署的數據中心管理數據,還是在不同城市,州或國家的不同建築物中管理數據,還是使用私有云或託管數據中心來降低成本,他們必須管理自己的數據中心,以確保他們在成本和資源方面有效運行。
組織的大部分業務都駐留在數據中心。爲了保護企業業務及其投資,必須對數據中心資產進行實時,持續的檢查和分析,以查看詳細信息和全局信息。而數據中心的成本節約可以爲企業帶來真正的競爭優勢。

The trend of datacenter migration, server virtualization

With datacenter migration, many organizations and companies have adopted virtualization priority policies that require all new applications to run in a virtual environment.However, migrating traditional legacy applications to a virtualized environment is quite another matter.

While the industry is increasingly focused on technology and the benefits IT can bring to the organization's bottom line, a recent Spiceworks survey finds that spending on IT budgets has stalled.Companies are also failing to keep up with the demand for new technology.As a result of these trends, enterprise IT staff are constantly being asked to complete more tasks with less money.
The inevitable consequence of flat corporate IT budgets and reduced corporate IT staffing is that the priorities of projects involving traditional applications are reduced.Indeed, newly developed applications can run on virtual servers and are governed by virtualization priorities.But, as in, "if it's not broken, don't get busy trying to fix it."As the saying goes: because businesses lack the costs of pushing devices to achieve natural obsolescence (EOL), they often don't have the IT budget to move applications from traditional physical servers to virtual servers.
For most enterprise organizations, regardless of their size, mixed IT environments containing virtual and physical servers are now being processed.This is not an ideal situation in any case.The mixed environment complicates almost every aspect of server management.It reduces the productivity of administrators, increases the cost of management tools, decentralizes knowledge of management tools among administrators, and can lead to a significant reduction in application availability and data integrity.
Why deploy virtualization?
So why is there so much debate around deployment of virtualization?Why are IT organizations so obsessed with this technology?
1. Reduce capital expenditure
Deploying virtualization enables physical servers to host multiple virtual servers.It also provides the ability to easily migrate virtual servers between different physical servers to balance the need for resources.Physical servers running virtualized software can often run at more than 80 percent of their rated capacity.Integrating business applications into a single physical server, each of which has its own separate operating environment, can significantly reduce the number of physical servers in an enterprise data center.With fewer physical servers, IT organizations can further reduce capital expenditure, freeing up that money for other business divisions of the organization and increasing revenues.There are, of course, many other benefits.
2. Reduce operating expenses
Reducing the number of physical servers in data centers would also help corporate data centers save energy costs, and carbon emissions are an important consideration for corporate data center investors and shareholders to track metrics of concern.Also, it enables data centers to host more applications, which is a key factor in making data center real estate more valuable.
From a management perspective, it is much easier to configure and split virtual machines.If an application needs a new server, the administrator can configure the virtual machine much faster than the physical server.This typically reduces configuration time from weeks to hours or less, helping to develop applications quickly.
Virtual machines are also easier to manage than physical objects.A virtualized administrator can manage more machines instead of just a few physical devices.This helps improve the efficiency of administrators and alleviates the staffing problem in enterprise data centers.
Disadvantages of virtualization
Of course, virtualization technology also has its disadvantages.Not all business applications are suitable for running on a virtual server.While deploying virtualization can help businesses save money, the technology can also lead to increased spending in some other areas.As with many technologies, the rash use of the technology without sufficient knowledge of it may exacerbate problems that were originally intended to be solved with it.
Not everything can be virtualized
Virtualization is not the best choice for all applications.Applications that are very performance-sensitive may not be appropriate.These applications are unlikely to tolerate sharing physical resources with other applications, and the overhead of running a hypervisor on the same hardware may not be welcomed by enterprise customers.
There are various applications that require their servers to have physical attachments, and such applications often have unique drivers.Although virtual hypervisor software attracts most application use cases, it does not usually support these unusual applications.
Not all applications can be virtualized.For some applications, there may be license agreements that prevent virtualization.It can also be complex for some other applications.
Many enterprise organizations use old, traditional applications that are critical to the enterprise's key business, but have become so complex over many years of upgrades and changes that it is too risky to move them to a virtual platform.
2. Cost increase
The cost of the associated components may affect the deployment of virtualization technologies by enterprise customers.Although virtualization can help companies reduce operating costs over the long term, there are upfront investment costs associated with implementing the technology.
The host server used to run each virtual manager must be able to support the performance requirements of all virtual servers.These servers may cost more than the physical servers they replace.
Given the variety of tools available on the market today, many of which are provided by virtual hypervisor vendors, server and network administrators for enterprise customers must be trained in virtualization technology.
3. Server spread
Ironically, the problem of server sprawl that virtualization promises to solve is actually often exacerbated by the deployment of virtual machines.
When an enterprise data center deploys a server without fully understanding the impact it will have, server sprawl becomes an important issue for the data center.This often results in a data center filled with server hardware that needs to consume valuable energy and footprint over time, but is not fully utilized.
Server virtualization solves this problem.Integrating many physical servers on a single virtual server can ease energy and space constraints.However, the ease of configuring a virtual machine can lead to excessive server sprawl.
4. Single point of failure
Finally, an obvious drawback to server virtualization is that hosting multiple virtual servers on one piece of hardware has the potential to cause a single point of failure.If the physical server running the hypervisor fails, all applications running on the hypervisor managed virtual machine will be unavailable.
New data protection methods are needed to ensure data availability and data integrity in a virtual server environment.While many virtualized deployments rely on existing data protection technologies, the assumption is that a solution that works for a physical server will work for the virtual server as well, but in fact, the virtualization infrastructure presents a corresponding challenge.This is not just because the operational environments of enterprise data centers are unlikely to be entirely virtualized.

What are the elements of high quality official website design?

Now, with the rapid development of the network, the official website design is gradually popular in the enterprise. This way of preemption on the Internet has been favored by many companies. However, it is not easy to design the official website of the enterprise. First of all, we should consider and understand the elements of high quality official website design.

1. design the content of the website in advance
Web site design is very important for official website design to get users' attention and affection. Web page is the initial impression of the user on the website evaluation, the web design is very good, can not be able to catch the user's eyeball quickly in the shortest time, can not quickly obtain the user's needs, prolong the user's stay time, which is the key content of the website. A high quality web design page design should be clear navigation, prominent focus and clear theme, but also can quickly get the user's good feeling, users can also capture the information website that they need on the website. Such a website needs the designer to design the web page and content in advance. It is possible to stand out in many websites and become a high quality website.
2. it is reasonable to use HTML
HTML is a powerful tool that can improve the quality of a website. It is essential for the quality detection and design of almost all websites. It can make the web pages of the site more in line with search and related standards, reduce site errors, save builders time, is a good helper to improve the quality of the site. While choosing the virtual machine in the official website, it is necessary to choose the trustworthy, good performance and outstanding work. In addition, it is also necessary to consider whether the operation is stable or not, and can also consider the web site to a successful trust platform, which is simple and time saving for the novice.
3. website activities should be paid attention to
By observing, we can find that the high-quality official website that the user likes usually has its own website activities. For example, a survey of gifts, holiday gifts, new product evaluation and courtesy, etc., can not only increase the interaction between customers, but also provide a continuous supply of energy to the website. If the site is flexible and popular with users, it is also possible to increase the number of users to use the site, which is very useful. Regular site activities can also be held to consolidate the user's love for the website, but also in the invisible to tell the user site is a special person, can increase the trust of the user to the website.
In a word, if you want to build a high quality official website, in addition to following the above points, and combining the characteristics of the user, starting from the user's own needs and use habits, to meet the various needs of the user, the long time application and accumulation can attract more and more users to use the website, the website is finally shaped. To become a user friendly, high-quality official website is just around the corner.

機房建置,人工智能如何優化數據中心散熱冷卻?

機房建置,如果要實現真正的數據中心熱優化,則需要基於數千個實時傳感器和專家空間模型的經過驗證的安全過程。這不可避免地涉及到大量信息的收集,因此,如果要成功消除數據中心冷卻的大部分不確定性,那麼絕對依賴於正在收集的數據,這至關重要。

當運營商考慮監控數據中心區域的多個機房空調(堅固)/空氣處理單元(摘要)的關鍵冷卻負載性能所需的控制模型時尤其如此。當然,還需要使用標準溫度和電流測量傳感器實時跟蹤數據中心冷卻負載,以用於冷凍水和直接膨脹冷卻系統。但是,持續監控空氣入口和出口溫度以及風扇性能,過濾器質量和潛在機房空調(堅固)/空氣處理單元(摘要)堵塞警報等變量也很重要。
這顯然需要捕獲和吸收大量數據,那麼數據中心如何將其轉化爲可以採取行動的有意義的信息呢?在這個階段,人們總是開始談論人工智能應該扮演的角色。企業收集了所有的數據,但不用擔心,人工智能會爲其排序。這種動態管理聽起來很好,但是當涉及真正100%可靠的數據中心冷卻所需的控制時,其事情就不那麼簡單了。
現在是更清楚地瞭解數據中心和人工智能的時候了
人們非常高興能夠應用人工智能技術來幫助優化數據中心的熱性能,但是擔心人工智能通常被認爲是一種通用的靈丹妙藥,可以某種方式解決與最佳實踐數據中心熱量相關的所有多種複雜性和權衡問題優化。
人們顯然致力於建立最佳實踐,以實現“完全感知”的數據中心並捕獲真正的熱優化所需的實時機器學習類數據,但目前還不相信人工智能應該單獨實施管理關鍵冷卻負荷性能所需控制的一部分。
這就是爲什麼現在需要一定的清晰度,以及對所謂的人工智能解決方案和基於專家系統的控制之間的重大差異的認識的的原因,這些控制實際上更具可預測性,可審計性和有效性。
通過專家系統控制實現更好的控制和更多的節能
鑑於大多數數據中心環境具有業務關鍵性,組織需要確保在管理冷卻負載性能方面存在真正的透明度。如果它是一個負責處理這個角色的人工智能引擎,那麼就會有一些問題要問:人工智能算法是否可審計?爲什麼在特定情況下做出特定決定?是否可以預測,當新的機器學習數據被引入系統時,它會做出類似的決定?真的知道人工智能正在查詢哪些源數據嗎?
相比之下,基於專家系統的方法根本不同,具有可審計的受控序列,可從經驗中獲得洞察力,並提供風險管理和合規官員要求的所有檢查和平衡。使用專家系統,企業可以挑戰控制應用程序的開發方式,隨時檢查流程,並審覈系統以確定特定性能問題的根本原因。
但是問一下人工智能系統是如何做出決定的,人們很快就會發現技術真的不像希望的那樣容易接近。與此相比,專家系統控制算法的穩健性和可訪問性,以及它們在更廣泛的建築管理系統環境中作爲可管理組件有效運行的能力,企業很快就會開始質疑密封的人工智能引擎是否真的適合黃金時段數據中心部署。
但是,人工智能可以發揮重大作用的是提供深入的洞察力來支持數據中心專家。例如,熱優化引擎核心的人工智能啓用多站點熱分析工作正在進行中。這一突破爲用戶提供了強大的仿真工具,可以提供有關現場無效率或風險區域的實時建議。從戰略上講,人們相信以這種方式證明人工智能驅動的優化引擎的功效將不可避免地導致預測警報功能,其中“經過測試的“人工智能引擎能夠實時模擬潛在的即將發生的系統故障,而這些故障尚未突破報警條件。
並且誰會知道,未來可能最終會導致自動人工智能控制,但在人們推進這一步驟之前還有幾個關鍵階段。而現在要提醒的是,將其關鍵控制措施完全委託給人工智能系統會帶來風險成本,這可能比任何承諾的冷卻節能量大得多。這並不意味着人工智能在未來的控制系統環境中仍然不會發揮重要作用,但它可能必須等到基本的“專家系統“元素緊密集成到流程中。

Datacenter migration, space will become a new frontier of cooling

In datacenter migration, when trying to cool the data center, people usually have to consider the external temperature, the cooling capacity of the cooling unit, and the airflow of the fan. For the cold of space, everyone feels filled with emptiness and desolation, but no more thoughts.

However, the situation may change, and a small venture is planning to use radiant space cooling, a fascinating natural phenomenon that allows people to transfer heat to space. SkyCool has begun developing panels that can generate heat at wavelengths of 8 to 13 microns. These wavelengths will not be absorbed by the earth.
The cold of space
Eli Goldstein, co-founder and chief executive of SkyCool, said: "basically, it can make full use of space. It turns out that it is very cold. More generally, space is the final radiator, which is only about 270 degrees below zero. "
Although this phenomenon has been known and studied for centuries, the company's panel is made of a layer of silver film, covered with silica and hafnium oxide layer and can eliminate heat during the day.
The prototype of the system was installed in a two storey office building in Las Vegas in 2014. Under direct sunlight, the panel is 4.9 C (8.8 F) lower than ambient air temperature and can provide 40.1 watts of cooling power per square metre.
"What we do is that they can not absorb the heat of the sun, but at the same time they can radiate heat into space in the form of infrared radiation. And the combination of this nature has never appeared in any natural material, and it has only recently been designed to make up for it. Goldstein said.
The start-up company is composed of three researchers from Stanford University: Goldstein, postdoctoral consultant Aaswath Raman, and Shanhui Fan. Last year, the SkyCool system began to commercialize research conducted by Stanford University for the first time.
"At the end of this summer, we hope to install some devices in California," Goldstein said. "Then the plan will be to deploy more panels and expand the scale in more locations."
The company hopes its recycled water glycol panel will be successful in industries requiring high cooling load, such as data centers, refrigeration and commercial cooling.
"In the early days, we were more concerned with the edge data center," Goldstein said. "I think it's very interesting for large products: as long as you want to cover the whole load, you need to provide adjacent space for the panel, not just the roof. The panel can also be used in conjunction with the traditional cooling system to reduce the water consumption of the cooling tower or to cool the electricity in a more traditional way.
He added: "we have communicated with the data center company several times. I think the biggest challenge we face now is that because the company is smaller, we want to install and deploy in a data center or a larger data center over 5MW, which is a big installation for us. "
Another challenge, he said, is that no company wants to try this technology, especially in data centers and other facilities. We know that the technology itself is effective. I can cool the water and transmit it through the pump, and show that we can cool the water. What we need to prove next is not technology, but our ability to deploy in an economically efficient way and to link it to the actual system.
"The energy is very simple, we know how much heat we need to eliminate, and how much heat can be eliminated by the panel, now it's about how we do it on a large scale."

Website design enterprise website must understand knowledge point

In recent years, with the rapid development of the Internet, the company website design companies are also more and more, and in the face of many users of the website, the knowledge of the website is also established at a certain level, making the requirements of the website design more and more high, not only with the unique features, in the functional, aesthetic and other aspects. A high level of demand. This also has a direct impact on the website design industry. If you want the function of website design to develop better, you must also have certain network knowledge. Then let's introduce the website design knowledge points of website design enterprise website.

First, website design enterprise website needs excellent internal structure.
We all know that today, no matter how much you know about the Internet, the search for information is on the search engine, so a successful website has an excellent ranking on the search engine. In the website design enterprise web site structure for reasonable processing, in addition to improving the user's trust in the website, a more important point is to allow search engine spiders to climb the content of the website can be more complete, improve the rate of Web site, and then improve the website keyword in the search engine in the front rankings.
Two, website design enterprises need a visual impact plan.
When the customer opens the website the first eye is the site's plan, assuming that your website plan is not so powerful, so let the customers stay on the site longer, may be the night talk, because no one likes a sense of a project is not strong, can not touch their vision of the website. Then when the website design the enterprise website, we should have a reasonable plan for the overall plan. The color and visual scheme of the website should be found by the professional program teacher. Only when our website customers open the site for a few seconds, instant can attract the customer's vision, then your website may have a long stay of customers.
Three, website design enterprise website needs external vigorous propaganda.
When the design of our website is completed, we should also think about the effective promotion. If a website without popularity is not very high trust, even if the customer enters your website, it will only get to know some basic information. It is still difficult to improve the conversion rate. And at this time we do a lot of publicity on the website, not only to promote our company's own services and products, but also to a degree to improve the company's reputation and trust, only in this time our website will gradually see results.

機房建置,多措並舉構建網絡安全防禦體系

機房建置,隨着信息技術的發展,大數據,物聯網,區塊鏈,工業控制等新技術廣泛應用,網絡安全進入了一個新的時代。

網絡安全在迎來巨大發展機遇的同時,也面臨着嚴峻的挑戰。網絡安全是關係到全面實現小康社會和國家安全的重大問題,已上升爲國家戰略。近年來,網絡安全事件層出不窮,並呈現逐年增長和蔓延的趨勢。我國根據網絡安全現狀出臺相關的政策和標準,能夠有效反制技術霸權和貿易限制,切實提高網絡核心技術的競爭力,提高網絡安全的國際話語權,對構建網絡安全的人類命運共同體,實現網絡安全強國的目標具有重大意義。
其一,網絡安全事件頻發,網絡安全形勢面臨着巨大威脅。
銀行卡的錢不翼而飛,文檔無故地無法打開,電廠工業控制設備突然停止運轉,信息被無故泄露,家庭攝像頭監控影像被竊取,我們的手機被惡意地刷卡和信息泄露等等,這些安全威脅讓我們認識到,網絡安全問題離我們並不遙遠。
2006年到2007年的熊貓燒香病毒蔓延;2010年7月美國和以色列研發的震網病毒,使伊朗五分之一的鈾離心機遭到破壞;2011年美國一供水系統被黑客破壞;2012年美國電廠遭受USB病毒攻擊;2013年6月美國中情局斯諾登公佈了棱鏡計劃。這一系列的網絡安全事件引發了我們對網絡安全發展趨勢的思考。
縱觀這些威脅,首先是來自敵對勢力的威脅,例如棱鏡門事件,震網病毒等。其次是來自黑客組織的威脅,例如匿名者組織攻擊和竊密等。另外,還有來自惡意的第三方對系統破壞和竊取敏感信息。
其二,網絡安全的趨勢發生了動態性變化。
大數據,雲計算,工控系統,物聯網,區塊鏈等新技術帶來方便的同時,也帶來了新的威脅。當前各國都在進行積極的網絡戰略部署,實施網絡安全強國戰略,建立自己的網絡隊伍,制定網絡安全規劃,進行標準體系建設。
我國也在積極加強基礎設施的建設和保護,加強網絡安全的頂層設計。當前網絡安全已經由被動防禦到主動防禦,由主動防禦到域外控制,我們應當積極地建立新的技術體系,提高網絡核心技術的競爭力,研發具有自主知識產權的網絡安全產品,反對一切形式的網絡霸權,積極建立國際互聯網新秩序。
其三,積極制定網絡安全政策,法規和標準體系。
以國家安全爲標準,制定網絡安全審查制度。我國網絡安全產品受到不公正的待遇後,應制定積極有效的反制措施,並且陸續出臺該制度下的相關產品的具體標準。等級保護制度是國家一項基本制度,分等級保護,分等級監管。包括物理安全,網絡安全,主機安全,應用安全,數據安全、管理制度,管理機構,人員管理,系統建設管理和系統運維管理十大方面的內容。當前等級保護已經由等保1.0時代進入了等保2.0時代。《中華人民共和國網絡安全法》是我國爲了應對網絡安全新形勢,保障網絡安全,維護網絡空間主權和國家,社會、公民利益,促進經濟社會信息化健康發展而制定的一部法律,已於2017年6月1日實施.2014年通過的刑法修正案(九)中增加了打擊網絡恐怖主義,打擊非法獲取個人信息的行爲的條款,打擊恐怖主義,保護個人信息。在此基礎上公安機關也加大了執法檢查的力度。北京每年進行定期開展的安全執法檢查,對關鍵信息基礎設施進行重點保護。
其四,網絡安全的應對之策。
面對貿易限制,技術霸權以及安全威脅,我們應積極應對,採取切實有效的措施,建立適合國情的新時代中國特色的網絡安全防禦體系,培育世界一流的網絡安全人才。大力扶持民族網絡安全企業,提高產品的自主創新能力,提高關鍵技術的核心競爭力。加強基礎設施的建設和保護,制定更加完善的法律,政策和標準。積極建設網絡安全國際新秩序和網絡安全治理體系,提高網絡安全話語權,構建全球網絡空間命運共同體。

Datacenter migration, network how to quickly drain

Datacenter migration, when the network scale of data center becomes very large, it is necessary to add network equipment to realize multi-level connection.Present data centers tend to be a tree structure, the core put forward a few large capacity equipment, then hang under the multilayer devices (because the port number is not enough, may need to multilayer), dozens or even hundreds of sets of cascade network equipment together, once out of the fault, how can quickly find the fault equipment, often plagued by a lot of network operations staff.

The network equipment in the data center is redundant. As long as the fault device is found when the network fails, the business can be restored by isolating it, and then slowly troubleshoot the cause of the failure.Network failures usually get fault feedback from the application side first, and then start to troubleshoot. At this time, the application personnel usually only describe an application access failure phenomenon, and they will not tell you which specific addresses do not work to which addresses, and sometimes even wrong information, which greatly delays the problem positioning time.Problem location is spent most of the time in the troubleshooting process, how to do?How can data center networks quickly troubleshoot?This article will provide the answer.
If network failure is to be analyzed from the fault phenomenon of feedback from the application side, it is already too late, and it is easy for the application personnel to bring into the mistake area. Some of the feedback phenomenon of the application personnel is only seen by themselves, and the phenomenon is probably only a local phenomenon, which cannot reflect the failure situation of the entire network.Therefore, we should rely on ourselves to do a good job of network monitoring, and find problems through monitoring, so as to quickly find fault equipment, do equipment isolation or troubleshooting.
The early network monitoring was mainly to monitor some log and port traffic of the device. More often, this information was not enough and problems could not be detected in time.Many network device manufacturers say their device logs are complete, but there are still some extreme cases or software bugs that cause failure when there is no log output, so it is necessary to locate the traffic.At this time, it is necessary for the network personnel to find the application personnel to understand the fault phenomenon, find out some lost packets or blocked IP addresses on the spot, and then conduct network circulation. All the equipment that the fault traffic passes through will be circulated to find the fault equipment.Now that is a tree network, each layer there are a lot of equipment, the circulation is considerable, and not all of the devices are can do support of all the characteristics of the traffic statistics, there are not supported by the device will make statistics, increase the difficulty of finding fault equipment, do network operations over the years are so insist on.
Obviously, the previous network troubleshooting method was effective, but the efficiency was too low, and the fault location time was long, which had a great impact on the business.Current network monitoring is aimed at data flow, monitoring specific data flow in the network, so as to find out the fault location once the data flow is interrupted.Here, several emerging network monitoring methods, also known as network visualization technology, are mentioned as the most effective methods for rapid obstacle elimination.
First of all, INT(in-band Network Telemetry, in-band Network Telemetry technology) technology enables the monitoring of Network state by collecting and reporting Network state at the data level.When the data message enters the first network equipment, equipment set on sampling and image out of the business flow of packet sampling way, INT based on packet encapsulation an INT head, and will need to collect information about the switch to fill in the INT data segment, message through all network equipment such processing, until finally a server connection of network equipment to spin out the INT head.
Message after each device will be collected INT message through gRPC message is sent to a remote monitoring server parsed and rendered, INT carried in the message delay of packet forwarding, equipment, congestion, etc., can be presented to the monitoring server, once the data message appear lost package or not, the monitoring server immediately perceived, and a few seconds to determine the scope of the problem and fault equipment.
Followed by ERSPAN (Encapsulated Remote Switch Port Analyzer, Remote monitoring of network traffic across the three layers of IP transmission technology), ERSPAN message based on the GRE encapsulation, and through the Ethernet forwarded to any IP routing can reach place.ERSPAN is to source port message a copy through the GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) sent to the server parsed, the physical location of collection server is not restricted, so that we can be the key to the whole network traffic forwarding through ERSPAN sent to the monitoring server, where traffic is part of the network appeared, be clear at a glance.The third is the sFlow and Netstream, these two are the data sampling technique, Netstream collection of relatively complete, but need to have dedicated hardware to complete, in the network deployment sFlow and Netstream, can pass gRPC will monitor data sent to the server, calculated by the monitoring server, and finishing, and graphical display the results appear, once part of the network has a problem, which can immediately appeared on the monitoring server.
SFlow and Netstream collect the main features of the header, rather than the whole content of the message. This is quite different from INT and ERSPAN, and there is no problem in troubleshooting most network faults.In a network, it does not mind the deployment of all three monitoring schemes, so that in case of failure, the data collected from multiple angles can be analyzed.
It is also important to try to send the data collection to the monitoring server through the management network. Otherwise, if there is a problem with the data network, the monitored data may not reach the monitoring server normally.In most cases, the failure of data network rarely affects the management network, and all devices can still be accessed normally. If the failure occurs, many devices cannot be accessed through the management network, it can be basically determined that this device is the fault point.
With the above network monitoring methods, it is not difficult to find the fault at the first time, and it can be fully automated. When the fault is found, the monitoring server will automatically issue the isolation command to isolate the fault equipment and recover it automatically.In this way, the network fault location can be found before the application failure is reported, the fault equipment can be isolated in time, and the service can be restored. In this way, the time of fault analysis can be greatly shortened, which has little impact on the business, and even the business part cannot perceive the fault at all.The actual application effect of network monitoring technologies such as INT and ERSPAN is still unknown. These technologies are always mentioned recently and need to be tested in practice.SFLOW and Netstream are relatively mature technologies, but they are not really used in network troubleshooting, so they need to be popularized.
With these monitoring technologies, network failures can be quickly eliminated, which is of great significance to the operation and maintenance of data centers and greatly improves the operation and maintenance efficiency.

Professional website design, from the details of the user

Nowadays, website design is no longer strange to us, it is also a part of the development of enterprises. As a professional website design website, we all know that now we want to make the website better and get the user's approval, the details are particularly important. So, how can we do a good job of user experience? How can professional website design be able to impress users with details?

1. The arrangement of web pages
Professional website design on the web page arrangement, we need to create a simple, refined, high-end feeling, to know that the different websites in the arrangement, not enough attention to details, resulting in the final effect is not only very unprofessional, but will bring some disorderly feeling in the vision of the family. In the arrangement, the horizontal arrangement and the vertical arrangement are very important. The random arrangement is the big taboo of the website construction, because this can not reflect the sense of hierarchy, and will not create the concise and consistent visual effect.
2. The contrast effect of the color of the picture
In the course of professional website design, pictures and words are essential elements, color matching is particularly important, because to quickly let customers notice the key content of the site and receive the information of the web page in a short time, it is necessary to focus the attention of the visitors. Through color matching to achieve a visual contrast effect, is the most simple, direct, crude and effective way. Black and white is the most basic color matching problem, but also a simple style of the embodiment, different industries have different websites and elements, so we can adjust the collocation of these colors to form a more intense contrast effect.
3. The effect of the font
The effect of font effect on the construction of professional web pages is relatively large, because each type of font has a different flavor and style, and the sensory effects created are also different. In addition, the choice of fonts, such as size, thickness and color changes, need to be considered. Ensure that the font size of the page can be kept in a harmonious and unified state, which makes people seem effortless.
4. The homepage of the website
The first view of the user is the home page, which is the first impression that the user will see, the equivalent of the user's first impression of the enterprise website. It is self-evident. What kind of content do the users like? Most of the current users prefer simple, comfortable and simple pages, so when designing home pages in web design, Be sure to pay attention to the details and avoid carelessness in the details.
5. The framework is clear
Professional website design framework plays a guiding role in website content. When users are looking for requirements, this is an important part for us to display enterprise information. Therefore, in order to make customers more convenient and easy to find what they want to see, we should follow the framework of the website to provide users with an accurate page, so that users can realize the convenience of using our website.
6. At any time online communication
Users are confused or need service when they visit your web page. Our website must ensure that there is a special person to answer and communicate at any time. Our contact method is effective and allows users to find us in time. Do not miss any opportunity to communicate with customers. This is a very important link, and professional website design can not be ignored.
7. The overall coordination of the web site
Professional website design a web site overall coordination and aesthetic is very important, no matter how much our content, in the layout and classification we must avoid sloppy, messy. This is easy for users to grasp the main points, and do not know what to do. This detrimental to the overall aesthetic perception, thereby affecting the image of the enterprise.

機房建置主要看這幾點,否則被定爲劣質機房

機房建置，如何建設大型機房，建設一個數據中心機房不是一件簡單的事，數據中心的建設是一個整體結構，任何一個細節規劃忽略都有可能導致問題的發生。

甚至是設備或系統的一個生命週期內才能暴露出來，為避免數據中心建設完成交付後，因建設時未考慮周全出現的問題造成工期延誤而需要返工，以下是確保數據中心規劃設計人員堅持正確方向的關鍵問題。
一個全面的數據中心機房建設工程一般包括：綜合佈線、抗靜電地板鋪設、棚頂牆體裝修、隔斷裝修、ups電源、專用恆溫恆濕空調、機房環境及動力設備監控系統、新風系統、漏水檢測、地線系統、防雷系統、門禁、監控、消防、報警、屏蔽工程等。
數據中心機房的建設主要方面
1、消防系統
機房應設氣體滅系統，氣瓶間宜設在機房外，為管網式結構，在天花頂上設置噴嘴，火災報警系統由消防控制箱、煙感、溫感聯網組成。機房消防系統應採用氣體消防系統，常用氣體為七氟丙烷和sde兩種氣體
2、精密空調系統
機房精密空調系統的任務是為保證機房設備能夠連續、穩定、可靠地運行，需要排出機房內設備及其它熱源所散發的熱量，維持機房內恆溫恆濕狀態，並控制機房的空氣含塵量。為此要求機房精密空調系統具有送風、回風、加熱、加濕、冷卻、減濕和空氣淨化的能力。機房精密空調系統是保證良好機房環境的最重要設備，應採用恆溫恆濕精密空調系統。
3、監控與門禁系統
監控佈點機房中有大量的服務器及機櫃、機架。由於這些機櫃及機架一般比較高，所以監控的死角比較多，因此在電視監控佈點時主要考慮各個出入口，每一排機櫃之間安裝攝像機。如果在各出入口的空間比較大，可考慮採用帶變焦的攝像機，在每一排的機櫃之間，根據監視距離，配定焦攝像機即可。如果機房有多個房間的話，可考慮在ups房和控制機房內安裝攝像機。
機房門禁系統多采用非接觸式智能ic卡綜合管理系統。該系統可靈活、方便地規定進入機房的人員、時間、權限，防止人為因素造成的破壞，保證機房的安全。
4、屏蔽系統
電磁干擾對計算機設備的影響很大，輕則會引起誤操作、數據丟失，重則會使計算機無法工作。機房屏蔽主要防止各種電磁干擾對機房設備和信號的損傷，常見的有兩種類型：金屬網狀屏蔽和金屬板式屏蔽。我國對計算機機房內電磁干擾的要求規定是：機房內無線電干擾場強在頻率範圍為0.15～1000mhz時不大於120db，機房內磁場干擾場強不大於800a/m(相當於是10oe)。依據機房對屏蔽效果的要求大小不同，屏蔽的頻率頻段的高低不同，對屏蔽系統的材質和施工方法進行選擇，各項指標要求應嚴格按照國家標準執行。
5、接地系統
機房應安裝一個良好的接地系統，使電源中有一個穩定的零電位，作為供電系統電壓的參考電壓，有一個良好接地線，計算機傳輸中的電源電壓及信號遇到或產生各種干擾時，就可以通過高、低頻濾波電容將其濾掉。此外，當遇到雷電、機櫃附近的強功率源以及電火花干擾時，良好的機房接地系統應可以起到保護計算機的作用。
因此，設計一個良好的機房接地系統是相當重要的，機房接地系統一般分為下述三種：
（1）直流地：這種接地系統是將電源輸出端通過地網接地一起，使其成為穩定的零電位，這個電源地線與大地直接連通，並有很小的接地電阻；
（2）交流地：這種接地系統把交流電源的地線與電動機、發電機等交流電動設備的接地點連接在一起，之後再與大地連接；
（3）安全地：為了屏蔽外界干擾、漏電及電火花，所有計算機的機櫃、機箱、機殼、面板及馬達外殼都需要接地屏蔽，該系統即可為安全地。
一般要求：直流地電阻小於1歐姆，交流地接地電阻小於4歐姆，安全地接地電阻小於4歐姆。交流工作接地、安全保護接地、直流工作接地、防雷接地等四種接地宜共用一組接地裝置，其接地電阻小於1歐姆；接地系統的連接方式可採有輻射式，環形或方格矩陣式等多種形式，可以根據地理特徵選擇不同的連接方式。
6、防靜電地板鋪設
機房工程施工中，地面工程是一個很重要的組成部分，機房地板一般採用抗靜電活動地板。活動地板主要由兩部分組成。 a）抗靜電活動地板板面；b）地板支承系統，主要為橫梁支角（支角分成上、下托，螺桿可以調節，以調整地板面水平）。規格主要為600*600mm。鋪設高度：350±20mm，一般電阻值1×107—1×1010ω之間，分佈載荷：大於1500kg/m2。
活動地板具有可拆卸的特點，因此，所有設備的導線電纜的連接、管道的連接及檢修更換都很方便。活動地板下空間可作為靜壓送風風庫，通過帶氣流分佈風口的活動地板將機房空調送出的冷風送入室內及發熱設備的機櫃內，由於氣流風口地板與一般活動地板可互換性，因此可自由的調節機房內氣流的分佈。活動地板下的地表面一般需進行防潮處理（如涮防潮漆等），抗靜電地板安裝時，同時要求安裝靜電洩漏系統。鋪設靜電洩漏地網，通過靜電洩漏幹線和機房安全保護地的接地端子封在一起，將靜電洩漏掉。
7、配電系統
1）ups不間斷電源
計算機機房負載分為主設備負載和輔助設備負載。主設備負載指計算機及網絡系統、計算機外部設備及機房監控系統，這部分供配電系統稱為”設備供配電系統”，其供電質量要求非常高，應採用ups不間斷電源供電來保證供電的穩定性和可靠性;輔助設備負載指空調設備、動力設備、照明設備、測試設備等，其供配電系統稱為”輔助供配電系統”，供電由市電直接供電。在要求較高的機房項目中，ups不間斷電源可採用直接併機技術其供配電系統稱為n+1冗餘併機技術。它可以確保在有一台ups出現故障時，仍然能夠為所有負載提供不間斷高可靠的供電，並且在需要擴容時，只需對現有的併機系統直接並聯，無須增加新的ups供電系統，可以有效地節約成本。機房內的電氣施工應選擇優質電纜、線槽和插座。插座應分為市電、ups及主要設備專用的防水插座。
2）配電櫃
機房往往採用機房專用配電櫃來規範機房供配電系統，保證機房供配電系統的安全、合理。配電箱、櫃應有短路、過流保護，其緊急斷電按鈕與火災報警聯鎖。安裝完畢後，進行編號，並標明箱、櫃內各開關的用途以便於操作和檢修。配電箱、櫃內留有備用電路，作機房設備擴充時用電。

以上只是從配電設施、弱電控制和設備保護等幾個方面對機房建設需注意的問題進行了一個簡單地描述，實際上機房建設工程是一項集計算機網絡技術、通訊技術、建築裝飾、弱電控制、空調、電工、電子、自動檢測及控制、環境保護、安全防範、抗干擾等多學科多領域的綜合系統工程。一個具備先進性、合理性、實用性、可擴展性、可展示性、設計獨特、用材新穎、施工考究的中心機房，必然具有一定的歷史生命力，下面看看數據中心機房的設計建設堅持正確方向關鍵問題。
數據中心機房的設計建設堅持正確方向關鍵問題：
1、數據中心將建在哪裡？
分析新建的數據中心所在地的氣候條件是十分重要。這將有助於確定最合適的冷卻措施，其中包括水冷機組，機械製冷空調，自然空氣冷卻、間接空氣冷卻，絕熱冷卻等，這些都是為了數據中心設施實現其更低的PUE目標。
2、你需要多少個機架？它們的尺寸是多少？
機架的數量決定數據中心的空間需求。傳統的IT機架的尺寸為600x1000mm（寬x深），而一個空間為100平方米的機房可以容納大約50個機架。當然機架也有其他的尺寸，而知道機架的尺寸和機架的數量，就很容易估測你的數據中心所需的空間。
3、你需要什麼等級的數據中心？
數據中心的Tier等級確定了數據中心的冗餘要求和電源分配路徑。對於一個Tier2級數據中心來說，部署“N+1”架構的電源和冷卻設備的冗餘是足夠的。然而，對於一個Tier3級的數據中心設施，通常都會包括“N+1”冷卻設備冗餘，具有雙供電2N電源冗餘，以及獨立的雙路配電機架。因此，了解數據中心的等級可以決定你需要的冗餘設計。
4、每個機架平均功率密度是多少？
要注意的是，當你設計數據中心的電源容量時，應該根據平均功率密度，而不是在最大額定電源，這是很重要的。機架的平均功率密度乘以機架的數量才是數據中心的最大IT負載量。然後，再加上數據中心的電源系統，冷卻系統和交換機和存儲設備等設施的功率。為了避免產生昂貴的成本，並充分利用電力系統，使數據中心具有大小合適的電源和空間，採用模塊化策略是明智的，可以降低成本，而不必犧牲未來擴展的靈活性。
5、運維人員應參加規劃設計工作
a.運維管理部門參與前期規劃設計，可以彌補設計人員對系統運行和管理知識不足，提高設計質量，避免或消除設計缺欠；
b.運維管理人員參與規劃設計，可將運維階段的需求在規劃設計中得到充分考慮；
c.運維人員參與前期規劃設計，可充分了解和掌握所維護系統的結構、可靠性薄弱環節、遺留問題、潛在風險，有助於提高運維質量、有根據地制定運維計劃和切實可行的改造計劃。
6、受內外部因素影響，不能正確對待傾向、喜好、限制和約束的區別，不遵守科學設計原則
a.受審批、決策等環節個別決策者影響，對一些關鍵功能按照個別人的意見進行刪減調整，導致最終交付的數據中心功能不能滿足運營和維護需求；
b.出於傾向、喜好或利益驅動，在規劃設計階段部分設備廠商會通過誇大設備性能、混淆概念等手段影響規劃設計人員的方案製定和設備選型。
7、數據中心的交流機架或直流機架需要什麼級別的備份電池？
服務器機架可能需要部署百分之百的直流電源，或百分之百的交流電源，或者是二者的組合。例如，如果您正在為託管目的建設數據中心，你可能有配備交流（UPS）供電系統的需求，而如果是要成為一個電信設施，這可能需要部署直流電源系統。知道這些，就會知道你所需要的直流電源或UPS電源系統的大小和規模。
在部署備份電池時，最好根據15分鐘備用放電時間進行配置。這樣部署備用電池，不會顯著增加資本支出，雖然這將很難自圓其說，但這更符合成本效益。企業需要提高備用發電機組的冗餘度，而不是在增加電池數量浪費更多的資金。
8、業內普遍存在著輕規劃設計，重施工建設的認識誤區？
業內特別是用戶信息主管存在輕規劃設計，重施工建設的認識誤區，主要表現在：
a.先建樓體結構，後規劃數據中心，為數據中心規劃設計帶來難以克服的困難；
b.機房建設和設備安裝完畢即開始改造的現象普遍存在；
c.先確定設備，再確定方案，由於所購設備功能不滿足方案要求，或場地不滿足安裝條件要求，因而設備尚未運行就要更換；
d.建設結構很難滿足數據中心場地佈局要求，使機房分區規劃不合理；空調室外機無法安裝或距離太遠；動力室與主機房距離太遠，增加傳輸和管理困難，增加成本，降低可靠性。
9、普遍忽視對系統可維護性和可修復性設計
系統三分建設、七分維護，任何設備都是有故障的，可修復和可快速修復已經成為提高可用性的關鍵指標，忽視可維護性和可修復性的現象表現在：
a.規劃設計階段未考慮後期維護通道、維護空間，例如設備距離牆壁太近，電池靠牆擺放，線纜佈局不合理、線纜管路或走線架擋住上方弱電線槽導致後期無法維修、維護工具難以施展等；
b.故障發生時，應急物資和備件無法快速搬運，故障設備和器件更換無維修操作空間等問題，延誤了故障處置時限甚至引發重大事故；
c.應考慮後期發生故障進行設備維護時系統的冗餘保障能力；
d.盡可能採用自動化手段，最大程度壓碎維護人員手動操作環節，在數據中心維護操作中，依靠維護人員手動操作存在較大的不確定性和不可控性。
10、對可用性設計是否缺乏科學依據？
系統可用性是數據中心規劃設計的最重要的指標，但規劃設計時缺乏科學依據；主要表現是：
a.數據中心在規劃設計時都會進行各系統可靠性的推算，但目前各設計院、不同的設計人員對可靠性的推算依據和數據來源尚未統一，造成對同一數據中心的設計等級和可靠性存在不同定義和不同的結果；
b.對可用性存在著先進行規劃設計、施工，建設完成後再反推設計等級的案例，並以反推的等級標準向數據中心用戶進行推介。此為本末倒置的設計，往往因為設計中的某些關鍵缺陷導致雖然絕大部分設計滿足等級要求，但因為關鍵缺陷的存在造成等級下降；
c.只注意設備或環節（子系統）的可用性，而忽略在整個系統中各子系統之間的相關性對可用性的影響。
12、業內普遍存在著重設備，是否會忽視系統的認識誤區？

Datacenter migration, liquid cooling scheme

Datacenter migration, liquid cooling solutions are expected to enter more enterprise data centers.In this paper, we will start from five aspects of the reasons and readers friends to explore.

Today, liquid cooling solutions that have traditionally been used primarily for mainframe and academic supercomputers may soon infiltrate more enterprise-class data centers.Now, as new and more demanding enterprise workloads continue to push up the power density of data center server racks, managers and operators of enterprise data centers are desperate to find alternatives that are more effective than air cooling systems.
We have interviewed a series of data center operators and suppliers and asked them for their views on the promotion of liquid cooling solutions to mainstream applications.Some of the respondents did not want to disclose the specific applications they used in their data centers and said they viewed the workloads and their cooling methods as a competitive advantage for their companies.
A series of super-sized cloud service operators, including Alphabet, parent companies of Microsoft, Google, Facebook and baidu, have formed a group dedicated to creating an open specification for liquid-cooled server racks, but the group has yet to specify what they will use.However, in these very large scale data centers, at least there is a certain type of workload obviously need to adopt liquid cooling scheme, i.e., by the GPU acceleration machine learning system (or for Google company, is the TPU tensor of the latest processor, which has said publicly that the TPU is now using direct cooling liquid cooling design of chip).
While current corporate data center operators are skeptical and concerned about the use of liquid cooling solutions, some trends are already emerging.If your enterprise supports any of the following workloads in the data center, your data center may also adopt liquid cooling scheme in the future:
1. AI and accelerator
The rate of annual CPU performance growth described by Moore's law has slowed sharply in recent years.This is partly because accelerators (mainly gpus), as well as FPGA and dedicated asics, are increasingly entering enterprise data centers.
Gpu-driven machine learning is probably the most common hardware acceleration use case outside of HPC(high-performance computing).However, in 451 by the market Research institutions Research recently conducted a survey, about a third of IT service provider, said their business plan in the online data mining, analysis and engineering simulation, real-time video and other media, fraud detection, load balancing, and a similar delay sensitive services using the acceleration in the system.
Hardware accelerators have much higher thermal design points (TDP, thermal design points) than cpus, and usually require 200W or more power to cool them.Add a high-performance server CPU, and a single system in your enterprise data center will require more than 1kW of power to cool it.
Intel is also aggressively breaking the 150W limit on its conventionally designed server processors."As more and more corporate customers want more powerful chips, we are starting to see a gradual increase in the amount of watt consumed by these chips.""Said Andy Lawrence, executive director of the Uptime Institute.
The rack density of enterprise data center servers is increasing.Most data centers now have at least some racks over 10kW in their normal operating orbits, while 20 percent of the racks even have 30kW or higher power densities.But these workloads are not considered high performance computing."They just say that their workload has a higher density frame.""Lawrence said.
"If you put the GPU together with Intel's processors, their power density could triple."He said.The liquid cooling scheme is obviously very suitable for these accelerators, especially the immersion cooling scheme, which can cool GPU and CPU.
2. Cooling high-density storage
As the current density of storage in enterprise data centers continues to increase, it may become more difficult to effectively cool storage.Most of the storage capacity installed in the data center is composed of unsealed hard disk drives and cannot be cooled by liquid cooling.Newer technologies, however, offer hope to business users in the industry.For example, solid state drives can be cooled using a full immersion solution.In addition, the creation of high-density, high-speed read/write head helium in the latest generation of storage hardware requires a sealed unit to make it suitable for liquid cooling schemes.
As noted in the 451 Research report, the combination of solid-state and helium-filled hard drives means there is no need to separate air-cooled storage from liquid-cooled processing.The increased reliability of hard drives also has a benefit: immersion in the drive in the coolant can help reduce the impact of heat and humidity on the components.
3. Network edge calculation
The need to reduce current and future application latency further drives the need for a new generation of data centers on the edge of the network.These can be high-density remote facilities deployed in wireless towers, factory operations workshops or retail stores.And these facilities may increasingly host high-density computing hardware, such as GPU packaging clusters for machine learning.
While not all edge data centers are liquid cooling solutions, many edge data centers will be designed to support heavy workloads in confined Spaces that cannot use traditional cooling solutions, or to cool in new deployment environments that do not use traditional preconditions.As a result of reduced energy consumption, liquid cooling makes it easier to deploy marginal sites where there is no large capacity for power.
As many as 20 percent of edge data centers can use liquid cooling, according to Lawrence's estimates.He envisions remote, micromodular, high-density data center sites supporting 40kW per rack.
4. High-frequency trading and blockchain
Many modern financial services firms are computationally intensive, requiring high performance cpus and gpus.These workloads include high frequency trading systems and blockchain based applications such as smart contracts and encrypted currencies.
For example, an enterprise client of GRC (Green Revolution Cooling), a high-frequency trading company, is testing its immersion Cooling solution.When green revolution cooling introduced immersive cooling products for the mining of encrypted currency and the price of bitcoin soared from the end of 2017, the company experienced its biggest ever sales surge.
Peter Poulin, GRC's chief executive, told reporters that another GRC corporate customer in Trinidad and Tobago is running an encrypted currency service at 100kW per rack and connecting a warm water cooling loop to the evaporating tower.Since warm water cooling is more energy efficient than cold water cooling, it can operate in a tropical environment without a mechanical cooler.
5. The cost of traditional cooling scheme is high
When air-based cooling systems cannot cope with high density cooling demands, liquid cooling schemes start to make sense.
Earth science company CGG, for example, using the GRC immersion liquid cooling system, in order to supply the data center in Houston cooling, CGG in the data center is mainly analyses of seismic data processing work, they use on commercial server is a powerful GPU, each frame up to 23 kw power.This power density is relatively high, but it is usually air-cooled.Ted Barragy, senior systems manager at the CGG, said: "we put heavy computing servers in immersion tanks to cool down.But the truth is that this is not so much about meeting the application's workload as about the cost economy of an immersive liquid cooling solution.
In its upgrade process, the immersion liquid cooling scheme replaces the traditional cooling equipment used by CGG's old data center.According to Barragy, the team restored several megawatts of power because of the upgrade."Even after a few years of adding servers and immersion tanks, we still have half a megawatt of unused power."He said."It's an old, traditional data center, and about half of its power is used for inefficient air cooling systems."
Barragy also said the PUE value of the submerged cooling data center was about 1.05.This is more efficient than the company's new but air-cooled data center in Houston, which has a PUE of 1.35.
"A lot of people think that liquid cooling is just a high-density cooling solution that is really suitable for calculating power density of 60kW to 100kW per rack, but it has other significant advantages for our mainstream corporate customers," Poulin said.
Chris Brown, chief technology officer at the Uptime Institute, said they have now seen a general increase in interest in liquid cooling solutions.This is driven by the urgent need of enterprise data centers to achieve higher efficiency and lower operating costs.
"The emphasis on liquid cooling is no longer on ultra-high density, but on solutions that can be used by the average enterprise data center operations manager to cool any IT assets."He said."The solution is now moving into more common density solutions and more common data centers."

What are the main contents of the website design reversion?

Enterprise website design revision will cause website ranking and volatility, serious or even a big decline. So we must consider a clear and comprehensive analysis of the needs of the website before starting the website design, making it clear how to change the website to be more favorable. And what is the main content that needs to be restructured. If you haven't considered it clearly, I suggest that you do not alter it easily.

What are the problems that need to be paid attention to when designing and revising websites?
1, the reversion and uploading should be done in one time
When we are revising the design of enterprise website, we must fix it at once, do not change it a bit, otherwise it will be very unfavorable to the optimization of website. Want to do a sex to fix the problem, you must make sure that the website wants to change what it looks like, and do it with other pages, and then it can be modified slowly, not to change a little bit, because if the web site uploads new content, a search engine spiders grab the trouble. . This will help improve the trust of the enterprise website.
2. Determine the time of reversion
When the website design is reformed, it is necessary to determine the time for the reversion of the website. It is best to make the reversion when the search engine is the least active spider, so the reorganization of the enterprise website is not easy to be caught by the spider, and what problems in the process of the website reversion can be quickly modified, so the maximum reduction is also reduced. Less the impact of the web site.
3, the path of enterprise website revision must not be changed
In the design of the enterprise website, do not modify the path of the web page, because if the previous pages were included, the change of the path will affect the site, so that the original link is dead chain, can not be opened. This will cause the website to be friendly to search engines. For example, the pages that have been included before, are included in the path, do not change, or because of the change of the path, leading to the search engine to reduce the friendliness of the enterprise website.
4. Do not modify the keyword layout of the website content
When the website design is reformed, we must keep the key words of the content. If there is no change in the key words that are included and ranked, we can keep it as far as possible so as to minimize the impact of the reversion.
What are the main contents of the website construction reversion?
1. Function upgrade
Websites that are rarely visited by search engines are mostly websites with simple functions and poor information. In order to make browsing users and network management easy to operate and to better search engine, it is very important to add some relatively urgent functions in website construction.
2. Structural reorganization
In fact, many websites are just a picture of deceiving the naked eye built by the website design company in order to mix up the enterprises. Therefore, website design and revision should have a better search and ranking for your website. The website structure can not be ignored.
3. Establish navigation
The navigation of the website design reversion is not only for the browsing users, but also for the search robot. It must let the search engine know what kind of pages we want it to update frequently, and what kind of information he wants to recommend. However, almost 95% of Chinese websites do not have navigation.
4. Data optimization
The websites we see by the naked eye are actually derived from source code. Too long the source code will not only affect the opening speed of the website, but also affect the ranking. In particular, the visual effects generated by JS code are very much disliked by search engines.

機房建置柴油發電機系統的使用和維護

機房建置,柴油發電機系統作爲數據中心的後備電源,是保證數據中心供電可靠性的最後一道防線。爲了保證柴油發電機系統在市電失電後能夠第一時間安全可靠的接管下游負載,專業運維人員會定期對發電機系統進行健康檢查以及實際的帶負載演練。

一,常用功率和備用功率
在介紹柴油發電機系統健康檢查之前,我們先介紹兩個概念常用功率和備用功率。柴油發電機組在國內是用主用功率即常用功率來標稱的,通常柴油發電機組能夠在24小時之內連續使用的最大功率我們稱之爲常用功率,而在某一時段內,標準是每12個小時之內有1個小時可在常用功率的基礎上超載10%,此時機組功率就是我們平時所說的最大功率,即備用功率。
也就是說,如果您購買的是主用400千瓦的機組,那麼您12個小時之內有1個小時可以運行到440千瓦,如果您購買的是備用400千瓦的機組,假如您不超載平時都開在400千瓦,其實該機組一直都開在超載狀態(因爲該機組實際額定功率只有360千瓦),這對機組是非常不利的,將會縮短機組的壽命和造成故障率增高,所以,柴油發電機組最佳功率的選擇是在用戶的總負荷基礎上加10%功率儲備,這樣既經濟又實用。
二、機組空載運行的危害
另外,柴油發電機系統在定期健康檢查時不允許長時間空載運行,機組的空載運行本身也會產生以下危害:
1 .長時間空載運行會使柴油機噴油嘴噴出的柴油不能完全燃燒導致積碳,造成氣門,活塞環漏氣;
2。活塞-汽缸套密封不好,機油上竄,進入燃燒室燃燒,排氣冒藍煙;
3所示。對於增壓式柴油機,由於低載,空載,增壓壓力低,容易導致增壓器油封(非接觸式)的密封效果下降,機油竄入增壓室,隨同進氣進入汽缸;
4所示。上竄至汽缸的一部分機油參與燃燒,一部分機油不能完全燃燒,在氣門,進氣道,活塞頂,活塞環等處形成積炭,還有一部分則隨排氣排出,這樣,汽缸套排氣道內就會逐步積聚機油,也會形成積炭;
5。增壓器的增壓室內機油積聚到一定程度,就會從增壓器的結合面處滲漏出;
6。長期超負荷運行,將會更嚴重的導致運動部件磨損加劇,發動機燃燒環境惡化等導致大修期提前的後果。
三、機組帶假負載運行
爲了避免出現柴油發電機組空載對機組本身造成的危害,因此數據中心柴油發電機系統定期健康檢查時,通常採用假負載模擬帶載情況。假負載啓動過程如下:
1)確認配電櫃開關位置處於指定位置;
2)啓動發電機組,待發電機組運行至熱備用狀態後,合閘發電機組對應開關,合閘至負載箱出線開關,負載箱得電;
3)逐臺打開負載箱電源開關,控制模塊得電,打開風機電源開關,可運行等亮;
4)逐步投入負載,按照0(5分鐘)→50%→25%(5分鐘)→75%(5分鐘)→100%(15分鐘)→75%(10)→50%(10)→25%(10)→0(5分鐘)順序和帶載時間進行負載測試;
5)測試過程中記錄發電機組油壓,水溫,電壓,電流,功率,頻率等數據,觀察發電機組運行情況(例如:噪聲,抖動,漏氣,漏油等);
6)發電機組停機後,關閉負載散熱風機,關閉負載工作電源開關,並復原所有開關位置。
四、注意事項
1。嚴禁帶負荷停機
每次停機前,必須先逐步切斷負荷,然後關閉發電機組輸出空氣開關,最後將柴油機減速到怠速狀態運轉3 - 5分鐘左右再停機。
2。假負載的日常維護和保養
爲了避免假負載箱體日曬雨淋,往往箱體上會安裝防雨罩,因此需要每年定期對其進行防水防鏽處理,且假負載在工作時,箱體內部本身溫度很高,需要對其散熱,因此箱體本身不是一個密閉的環境,雨水滲透進散熱孔內,造成箱體內溼氣過大,長時間使用會造成電阻絲絕緣性下降,除此之外,也需要對假負載進行定期保養。因爲假負載工作時,除了產生高溫以外,也是一個高壓危險的帶電體,所以需要定期例行健康檢查,如內部除塵,元器件檢查和絕緣性監測等

How can datacenter migration improve data security?

Datacenter migration，Traditional data centers do not always meet the needs of large numbers of users to retrieve data in real time. The surge in demand for big data has put pressure on data centers, which requires data centers to increase data transmission speed to accommodate more Internet users. Therefore, data center is now transforming its main functions from the past storage to real-time data analysis according to demand.

This functional transfer makes the block chain more valuable and can verify data set changes across multiple data centers. However, this method also needs an infrastructure to meet the high bandwidth, secure and fast data transmission system for data, video and audio transmission. Now, many data centers are transforming their traditional network architecture into a framework that can meet the needs of the block chain system for processing data.
Changes in infrastructure
The traffic of the traditional data center is mainly between the client and the server, but the server to server traffic is dominant in the Internet data center that supports the cloud computing application. Internet data centers must also provide continuous experience for users with diverse needs. Therefore, the network architecture of these data centers needs to deal with the peak traffic normalization more efficiently.
At present, the architecture used by most data centers is a tree network composed of three levels, including core layer, aggregation layer and access layer. This model can be effective when the transmission is mainly between the client and the server. However, this model is less for applications requiring high bandwidth and delay problems. Large data centers are now migrating to the leaf ridge network architecture, because it is more effective in transmitting data between servers.
However, due to the need of vane switches to connect each backbone switch, the wiring of this architecture is much more complicated. The main distribution area (MDA) of the data center using leaf ridge network structure has higher server density, which requires greater cooling capacity. The MTP to the LC module is good for this architecture, because it can implement the full mesh of the leaf switch, instead of dividing the 40G port of the backbone switch into four 10G channels.
Once the infrastructure can support the required traffic, the data center will be able to protect its data more effectively. Block chaining is becoming a popular solution to data security. Because the encryption method used by block chains can distribute data between multiple servers. This method makes the block chain difficult to invade, because each block usually contains only the encrypted hash function of the previous block. Block chaining is initially used to protect encrypted currencies such as bitcoins, but they are also used to provide data security outside the financial sector. Data centers that store sensitive data are the first data centers that use block chaining as a secure storage method.
Future demand
Because of the increasing popularity of 5G networks and IoT, data center infrastructure will need to support more interconnected devices. In the transformation process, data centers also need to meet the demand for increased traffic and secure storage. By using servers that can withstand higher density, the leaf ridge network architecture will provide an economical solution for distributed data management. The architecture can upgrade the bandwidth of large data centers from 10G to 40G, and help to transition to 100G network in the future. Therefore, data center will adopt block chain technology to improve the security of data storage.

Enterprise website design service What does it contain Major projects?

To know the success of a website is very important to the website design service of an enterprise. Before setting up a website, we should clarify the purpose of website design, determine the functions of the website, determine the scale of the website, input costs, and carry out the necessary market analysis. Only by providing detailed site service can we avoid many problems in the website design and make the website construction work smoothly. What are the main items of the website design service?

1. The planning and solution of the website project
Enterprise website design service is obliged to make website planning and solutions for enterprises. In fact, in this part of the floating relatively large, the reason is whether the website design company is professional, whether there are professional planners engaged in the planning of the website project. What plan to do is to do the layout and planning of the website for the status of the enterprise, rather than how to plan according to the budget of the enterprise, especially the marketing website should consider this point, otherwise the website planning will lose the meaning of planning. Of course, the ability of website planning determines the cost and practicality of planning websites, which requires experience to control.
Two. The choice of the domain name server and the ICP record
Choosing the right domain name and server for the enterprise is also the work of the enterprise website design service. The website company should inform the enterprise website domain name registration and the server selection requirements. What is the standard of choosing the domain name? What kind of domain name can be bought and what domain name can not be bought.
Three. The production and test of the website
The core of the enterprise website design service is in fact, if you do not need to plan, and do not need the domain name space, then this part is the main content of the enterprise website design. He includes page design, front end program, back-end program, function test, security monitoring and so on. Some companies will add some information to the customers, of course, this is mainly to see the responsibility of the website company, if the data can be added as a template, the enterprise will not be too confused when managing its own website.
Four, after sale maintenance
After sale maintenance, this part is mainly to maintain the normal operation of the website, ensure the normal operation of the website, and do not appear all kinds of problems such as random code and can not be opened. Of course, the security of the website is also responsible by the website company, such as website being invaded and attacked. The station company is free to maintain within the service period. Nevertheless, choosing a better website company is better than having a good service attitude, but the website always has a better problem.
Five, SEO optimization services, usually not included in the website design.
The SEO service of enterprise website design service website belongs to the website promotion service item, he does not belong to the category of website design. But why should I mention this here? Because many customers think that website construction contains SEO services. Secondly, there is a huge relationship between website SEO and website design. Website design companies need to build a good framework for the SEO services of enterprise websites, so as to facilitate the promotion and optimization of enterprise websites in the later stage.

機房建置,雲計算虛擬化典型結構與訪問應用模式

機房建置,通過不同層次的計算資源,存儲資源和網絡通信資源的虛擬化實現資源池化,使雲計算能夠在基礎設施層面實現平臺化服務(IaaS),如AmazonEC2,IBMBlueCloud,CiscoUCS等典型的IaaS產品。

使用雲計算數據中心服務的用戶,需要基於瘦客戶端,移動雲終端等設備完成接入,訪問其虛擬化計算資源,並進一步使用各種雲計算服務。
雲計算數據中心可以爲不同的用戶羣提供不同的服務,用戶羣之間,用戶羣內用戶彼此之間已經沒有了明確的物理邊界,而是基於虛擬化技術實現必要的安全隔離,這種隔離是否具備足夠的安全性,用戶數據是否具有足夠的隱私保護和訪問可控性,這些虛擬化安全問題已經成爲雲計算是否能夠取得廣泛應用突破的關鍵。
如何讓雲中各種類型的用戶儘可能安全地使用網絡,如何讓用戶無縫地接入和使用雲計算服務,如何通過虛擬化網絡技術提高數據中心網絡構建靈活性,擴展性的同時,解決好網絡安全問題,已經成爲採用虛擬化技術構建雲計算數據中心所必須要解決的問題。當前主流廠商有基於VLAN安全區化、防火牆虛擬化等網絡安全技術對雲計算數據中心所採用的虛擬化網絡進行保護,但仍然未能解決好用戶訪問的可信以及數據交互的機密性,可控性等問題。
文中在研究基於虛擬化網絡的雲計算數據中心典型架構與訪問應用模式的基礎上,從用戶安全接入,通信隔離與機密性保護等方面分析了數據中心虛擬化網絡安全需求,提出了虛擬化網絡安全技術框架,重點針對基於密碼技術強化虛擬化網絡安全,保障虛擬機之間的通信保護、信息隔離與安全交換等安全機制進行了分析與設計,提出了一種可供參考的解決方案。
雲計算的基礎架構主要包含計算(服務器),網絡和存儲。對於網絡,從雲計算整個生態環境上來說,可以分爲3個層面,數據中心網絡,跨數據中心網絡以及泛在的雲接入網絡。
其中數據中心網絡包括連接計算主機,存儲和4到7層服務器(如防火牆,負載均衡,應用服務器,IDS / IPS等)的數據中心局域網,以及邊緣虛擬網絡,即主機虛擬化之後,虛擬機之間的多虛擬網絡交換網絡,包括分佈式虛擬交換機,虛擬橋接和I / O虛擬化等。
跨數據中心網絡主要解決數據中心間的網絡連接,實現數據中心間的數據備份,數據遷移,多數據中心間的資源優化以及多數據中心混合業務提供等;泛在的雲接入網絡用於數據中心與終端用戶互聯,爲公衆用戶或企業用戶提供雲服務。
在此,主要探討使用虛擬化網絡技術實現的數據中心網絡技術架構及其訪問應用方式。因爲,數據中心大量的虛擬機通過虛擬化網絡訪問計算資源的安全可控問題,是解決雲計算虛擬化網絡安全問題的關鍵。數據中心網絡包括核心層交換機,接入層交換機和虛擬交換機。
在使用雲計算後,數據中心的網絡需要解決數據中心內部的數據同步傳送的大流量,備份大流量,虛擬機遷移大流量問題,因此要求核心層網絡具備超大規模的數據交換能力以及足夠的萬兆接入能力。接入層交換機要求能夠支持各種靈活的部署方式和新的以太網技術,包括無損以太網技術等。
虛擬交換機是在物理服務器內部通過虛擬機管理器(Hypervisor)層虛擬出相應的交換機和網卡功能並實施管理,提供了服務器內多個虛擬主機虛擬網卡(vNIC)的互聯以及爲不同的虛擬網卡流量設定不同的VLAN標籤功能,使得服務器內部如同存在一臺交換機,可以方便地將不同的網卡連接到不同的端口。
管理程序爲每個VM(虛擬主機)創建一個或者多個vnic,聯接Hypervisor中的虛擬交換機,從而支持VM間的通信.Hypervisor還允許虛擬交換機和物理網絡接口的通信、以及和外部網絡的高效通信,典型的虛擬交換機如開源的OpenvSwitch。
以目前應用較成熟的Ctrix基於Xen的虛擬化系統爲研究對象(與其他VmwareESX,KVM,hyper - v等有所不同,可參考思路),分析用戶聯接虛擬化用戶終端,並進一步訪問數據中心計算資源的典型框架如圖2所示。
首先遠程用戶基於瘦客戶端,基於ICA等遠程桌面協議(Vmware用PCoIP)訪問數據中心服務器上的用戶虛擬終端.ICA協議是基於Xen的Ctrix虛擬化系統的專有協議,將顯示器,鍵盤,鼠標操作信息與服務器端管理域交互,可以在管理程序上創建,中止相應的虛擬化終端系統,獲得與本地化計算機終端操作相同的使用體驗。同時,管理域操作系統上還運行了所有外設的實際驅動程序,通過後端驅動模塊與系列客戶終端虛擬機OS上運行的前端驅動模塊進行交互,實現對各客戶終端虛擬機設備驅動的支持。
其次,用戶虛擬終端機之間通過虛擬網卡,虛擬化交換機(包括跨物理服務器的分佈式虛擬化交換機),實現虛擬終端之間以及用戶虛擬終端與虛擬應用服務器之間的高速網絡數據交互,實現基於虛擬化的數據集中應用,並訪問各種應用服務器,或進行用戶虛擬機的遷移等。
其中分佈式虛擬交換機採用使底層服務器架構更透明的方法,支持不同物理服務器上虛擬交換機的跨服務器橋接,使一個服務器中的虛擬交換機能夠透明地和其他服務器中的虛擬交換機連接,使服務器間(以及它們的虛擬接口)的VM遷移更簡單。

Datacenter migration,How do you choose the type of UPS?

Datacenter migration,So far, UPS products can be simply divided into two categories: backup UPS and online UPS. Others, such as quasi on-line UPS and online interactive UPS, can be considered as an improved form of backup UPS. Since the backup UPS (including the quasi online, online interactive) directly outputs the city electricity (up to the maximum staircase voltage output) when there is electricity, the output voltage of the market is changed with the city electricity in the city electricity work, so it can only play a certain "uninterrupted power supply" function (still have the switching time), which is basically not "improving the power supply". The role of "quality" and "backup power supply".

On line UPS, whether the city electricity is normal or not, the power supply is high and the power supply is high. There is no problem of switching time when the power supply is interrupted. It can be said that the online UPS can play the role of "uninterrupted power supply", "improving the quality of power supply" and "backup power supply".
It should be said that online is a relatively perfect type, is the high-end products of UPS, applicable to the widest environmental conditions. However, we can not deny the market role of back-up, quasi online and online interactive UPS, after all, the cost of online UPS is high. If the market conditions are better, there will be more room for choice.
Fully understand the local electricity environment and working conditions
Even online UPS, there is a difference between the traditional dual conversion system (power frequency machine), high frequency dual conversion system (high frequency machine) and three port system. It needs to be considered according to the local environment conditions, such as voltage stability, power outage frequency and power outage time, whether to configure the generator and load. To a degree. In some parts of China, voltage deviation is large, unstable, or need to be connected to generators, which requires us to have a serious understanding of the applicability of the system.
Generally speaking, the application range of the dual transform online UPS (industrial frequency machine or high frequency machine) is wide, while the online UPS of the three port system and the backup or online interactive UPS are greatly influenced by the quality of the power supply. In large cities with better power supply, it is cheaper to use backup or online interactive UPS in general household or office PCs. The on-line UPS of high frequency double conversion system (especially the intelligent UPS using CPU control) represents the trend of the future technology development, and is very mature in the range below 3kVA. If the technology, device and technology are guaranteed, its stability and reliability may be higher than the power frequency machine; but for 5kVA above UPS, because of the device technology Because of its stability and reliability, it is still hard. It should be said that online is a relatively perfect type, is the high-end products of UPS, applicable to the widest environmental conditions.
However, it can not deny the market role of back-up, quasi online, online interactive UPS, after all, the online UPS cost is high. If the market conditions are better in the area, there will be more choice.
Understanding the background and backup of products and technology
The technical strength, product standardization and service conditions of the manufacturers are all very important. Technological strength not only represents the advanced nature of product performance, but also indicates the manufacturers' in-depth understanding and follow-up of new technologies and new devices, as well as subsequent technical support. For example, some people mistakenly believe that the reliability of the high frequency machine is not high, this is mainly the problem of some manufacturers in technology and devices, more manufacturers are in the OEM or assembly production, they often can not understand the structure and technical characteristics of the product, and it is difficult to follow up the development of new products, even work to reduce material, rough fabrication, No matter what system or technology, the quality of such products will not be good.
The manufacturer's management system, especially the quality management system and standardized management, can produce standard products so as to keep the products stable and reliable. The service system and ability of the manufacturer is the guarantee of the user's ease of use, including service network, service team, service quality, technical force, maintenance spare parts, maintenance equipment, service specification, and the authenticity of implementation commitments.
These are the factors that need to be considered in choosing the UPS type in the UPS power supply scheme of the computer room.

Some reasons for choosing high end custom website design

Website design, with the development of Internet +, a new round of consumption upgrade makes users' consumption habits and consumption psychology change rapidly. More enterprises pay attention to high-end customized website design services. In the process of high-end customized service, the enterprise official network has become a major key point. The convenience of the Internet has no longer been explained too much. More and more users choose to understand and contact enterprises by querying information on the official website. Now let's talk about the reasons for designing high-end customized websites.

The design of high-end customized website is completed by senior planner, senior WEB programmer and senior page designer. It includes a series of services, such as early location analysis and planning, technology structure, website interface design and site architecture.
1, high-end custom website design is custom-made website (customized).
There are a lot of free or cheap template websites on the Internet. Small building companies usually use a very low price to set up a template website, and you can make a website in 3-5 days. But the web site, the framework and the functional website that set up the template can not reflect the bright spot of the enterprise itself. The overall positioning and the website planning do not necessarily meet the expectations of the enterprise. And website code is the same, is not conducive to the late optimization of the website, template website keywords ranking is generally not good.
The high-end custom website design is a project. Professional website companies do pre research, then according to the characteristics of the enterprise industry and products or services, make unique website design for enterprises.
2, high-end custom website design brings high value to enterprises.
The higher price is not only reflected in the top-level domain name, the larger space, the stable server, but also reflected in the design planning cost. Although the high-end custom website design will be relatively expensive in the early stage, the high quality website will bring unpredictable value to the enterprise after its completion. So its production costs are higher than the ordinary web site.
3. Professional front-end page making
Website production based on the style of customer confirmation page production, and according to the key words provided by the plan, in the plate interface layout search engine optimization, the site to build experienced staff, see the web design map, can be very familiar with the JS, picture, code and other areas.
4, professional website background development project experience
The design of high-end customized website is based on the front-end interface, related functions and customer needs. The background is developed to facilitate the operation of the website manager, powerful function, simple operation, and can also add functions according to the needs of the enterprise, for example, member management system, login and registration system.
5, professional project test
Professional project testing includes website response speed, website code, web site chain, browser compatibility and so on. After the end of the work, the website is submitted to every search engine at the first moment to ensure that the website can be included in the first time, which is convenient for the promotion of the later period.

機房建置,服務器虛擬化的趨勢與優勢總結

機房建置,當前有很多的企業組織及公司都已經紛紛採用了虛擬化的優先策略,並且這些優先策略規定所有新的應用程序都必須在虛擬環境中運行。然而,將傳統遺留應用程序遷移到虛擬化環境則完全是另一回事。

儘管業界現在越來越關注技術以及它能夠爲企業組織的利潤所帶來的益處,但根據Spiceworks公司最近的一項調查卻發現企業目前對於它預算的投入處於停滯狀態。企業對於它人才的招聘也跟不上新技術的需求。正是迫於這些趨勢的影響,使得企業當下的這人員們被不斷的要求以更少的資金完成更多的工作任務。
企業它預算開支的持平與企業這人員配置的減少所帶來的不可避免的後果便是:涉及傳統應用程序的項目的優先級被降低。的確,新開發的應用程序可以在虛擬服務器上運行,並受到虛擬化優先政策的支配。但是,正如“如果沒有壞,就不要沒事找事的忙着去修理。”這一諺語所形容的那樣:由於企業缺乏推動設備實現自然報廢(EOL)方面的支出,故而他們通常並沒有相應的它預算來將應用程序由傳統物理服務器遷移到虛擬服務器。對於大多數企業組織而言,無論其規模大小,現在都在處理包含虛擬和物理服務器的混合,環境。這無論如何這都不是一個理想的情況。混合環境幾乎將服務器管理的各個方面都複雜化了。其降低了管理員的生產效率,增加了管理工具的成本,管理員之間關於管理工具知識的掌握過於分散,並可能導致應用程序的可用性和數據的完整性被大打折扣。
爲什麼要部署虛擬化?
那麼,圍繞着虛擬化的部署,爲什麼會有着如此多的爭論呢?而這企業組織爲什麼又對這項技術如此的迷戀呢?
1,減少資本支出
部署虛擬化使物理服務器能夠託管多款虛擬服務器。其還提供了在不同物理服務器之間輕鬆遷移虛擬服務器的能力,以平衡對資源的需求。運行虛擬化軟件的物理服務器經常能夠保持在其額定容量的80%以上運行。將業務應用程序整合到單臺物理服務器上,每臺物理服務器都有其自己獨立的操作環境,可以顯着的減少企業數據中心中的物理服務器的數量。憑藉更少的物理服務器,它企業組織能夠進一步的減少資本支出,將這些資金騰出用於企業組織的其他業務部門,從而增加企業的營收。當然,除此之外,還有其他諸多方面的益處。
2,減少運營費用
減少數據中心的物理服務器的數量也有助於企業數據中心節省能源方面的開銷,而碳排放量是企業數據中心投資者和股東們跟蹤關注衡量標準的一個重要考慮因素,而且,其使得數據中心能夠託管更多的應用程序,這是數據中心不動產變得更有價值的關鍵因素。
從管理的角度來看,虛擬機的配置和拆分要容易得多。如果應用程序需要新的服務器,則管理員爲其配置虛擬機要比物理服務器要快得多。這通常可以將配置時長由數週減少到數小時或更少,有助於快速開發應用程序。
虛擬機的管理也要比物理對象更簡單。一位虛擬化管理員就能夠管理更多臺的機器,而不是隻能管理少量的物理設備。這有助於提高管理員的工作效率,並有助於緩解企業數據中心的人員配置問題。
虛擬化的缺點
當然,虛擬化技術也存在其不足之處。並非所有的業務應用程序都適合在虛擬服務器上運行。雖然部署虛擬化有助於企業節約成本,但該技術也可能導致某些其他方面支出的增加。與許多技術一樣,在未對其有才充分了解的情況下就冒然使用,可能會加劇原來打算用它來解決的問題。
1,並非一切都可以虛擬化
虛擬化並非對於所有的應用程序都是絕佳的選擇。對性能非常敏感的應用程序可能不太合適。這些應用程序不太可能容忍與其他應用程序共享物理資源,並且在同一硬件上運行虛擬機管理程序的開銷也可能不被企業客戶所歡迎。
有各種各樣的應用程序需要他們的服務器具備物理附件,這類應用程序通常具有獨特的驅動軟件。儘管虛擬管理程序軟件吸引了大部分的應用程序用例,但其通常並不支持這些不尋常的應用程序。
並非所有應用程序軟件都能夠虛擬化。對於一些應用程序軟件來說,其可能具有防止虛擬化的許可協議限制。對於其他的某些應用程序來說,其也可能是複雜的。
許多企業組織使用的是舊的傳統應用程序,這些應用程序對企業的關鍵業務至關重要,但由於多年長時間的升級和更改,從而使得其運營變得非常的複雜,以至於冒然將其轉移到虛擬平臺上會過於冒的險。
2、成本的增加
相關組件的成本可能會影響到企業客戶對於虛擬化技術的部署採用。雖然長期而言,虛擬化可以幫助企業降低運營成本,但實施該技術也會有前期的投資費用。
用於運行每臺虛擬管理程序的主機服務器必須能夠支持所有虛擬服務器的性能需求。這些服務器可能比他們所替換的物理服務器的成本更高。
鑑於當前市場上有各種各樣的工具可供使用,其中有許多都是由虛擬管理程序供應商所提供的,因此企業客戶的服務器和網絡管理員們必須接受虛擬化技術方面的專業培訓。
3,服務器蔓延
具有諷刺意味的是,原本是虛擬化技術承諾解決的服務器蔓延的這一問題事實上往往會因爲虛擬機的部署而很容易被進一步激化。
當企業數據中心在沒有充分理解其將帶來的影響的前提下部署服務器時,服務器蔓延會成爲數據中心的一個重要問題。這經常會導致數據中心充滿了需要持續消耗寶貴的能源和佔地空間,且又未充分利用的服務器硬件。
服務器虛擬化解決了這個問題。在單臺虛擬服務器上整合許多物理服務器可緩解能源和空間方面的限制。但是,配置虛擬機的便捷性可能會導致服務器的過份蔓延。
4、單點故障
最後,服務器虛擬化的一個明顯的缺點是,在一款硬件上託管多臺虛擬服務器會存在導致單點故障的可能性。如果運行虛擬機管理程序的物理服務器出現故障,則管理程序託管的虛擬機上所運行的所有應用程序都將不可用。
確保虛擬服務器環境中的數據可用性和數據完整性需要採用新的數據保護方法,雖然許多虛擬化部署都依賴於現有的數據保護技術,但其假設前提是:對於物理服務器奏效的方案對於虛擬服務器也同樣奏效,但事實上,虛擬化基礎架構會帶來相應的挑戰。這不僅僅是因爲企業數據中心的操作運營環境不太可能全部都是虛擬化的。