常見的機房建置方法的優劣對比

機房建置，任何事物都不能以偏概全。當然，建設數據中心也是如此。地理位置，功能，財務狀況，以及其他因素通常會對數據中心的建設與設計產生影響，因此，數據中心的建設通常有更多不同的設計和施工方法。

然而，數據中心常見的建設方法有四種，但每一種方法都有其優勢和弱點。
（一）投標設計建設
大型數據中心的建設通常採用傳統的承包和計劃交付模式。在這種方法中，數據中心業主在規劃、設計、施工階段，分別與設計團隊，顧問和施工經理簽訂合同。
優勢
這種方法的主要優勢是參與者對此都有所瞭解。換句話說，沒有真正的學習曲線。更重要的是，由於設計團隊和施工團隊各不相同，其系統有一些制衡和平衡，以幫助保持質量控制和設計意圖。數據中心業主可以掌握項目的訣竅，可以控制數據中心建設的各個方面以及實施的情況。在財務上，這種方法鼓勵團隊競爭，通常爲客戶提供最好的價值。
弱點
這種方法面臨的問題是數據中心業主必須擁有管理項目團隊的專業知識和資源，幫助解決設計和可構建性問題，並承擔設計錯誤和變更的責任。數據中心的團隊成員的時間，價值工程、協作和進度改進的機會有限，通常是通過重疊的設計和施工活動來實現的。這些因素也會影響建設成本，如果施工開始時需要變更，這會讓變更訂單和進度的成本可能越來越高。
（二）自己設計建設
設計建設的合同爲數據中心工程和建設提供了一個單一的方法。數據中心的設計團隊和施工團隊共同努力，達到超越客戶期望的目標。
優勢
這種方法的主要好處是數據中心的設計和施工隊伍共同採取行動來管理項目並解決問題。數據中心的業主專注於性能規範，設計審查，以及一般項目進度。當團隊一起解決問題的時候，早期的協調會導致更有效的進度、更少的訂單和更多的創新。
弱點
在這個系統中，更多傳統模型的制衡並不明顯，因此數據中心業主需要密切關注整個開發過程中的性能規範，並瞭解與設計構建團隊簽約的項目範圍和風險。換句話說，設計與建立的合同關係限制了設計團隊對客戶利益的傳統宣傳。通過這種方法，競爭可能不會那麼激烈，因爲擁有管理大型設計程序的經驗和專門知識的公司較少。
（三）預製解決方案
預製數據中心的初始靈感是在困難或偏遠的地方部署數據處理設施。如今，有更多的製造商和解決方案可供選擇，其選項包括兩個主要類別：①基於標準集裝箱的模塊化部件；②按客戶要求定製的模塊化組件，在工廠生產製造之後，並以多種方式發運。
優勢
這種方法最顯著的優點是部署時間更快。通過標準的設計和可重複的實施過程，數據中心業主獲得一致的產品，更高效地利用空間和基礎設施，通常每個機櫃的功率超過20kW，PUE值在1.2到1.5之間。使用這種可以擴展的方法，數據中業主可以隨着需求的變化擴展數據中心設施。
弱點
然而，這種數據中心的標準化確實存在一定的缺陷。在某些情況下，由於缺乏選項可能導致在需求變化時更換或移動組件的能力不足或其他重大問題。此外，由於機械和電氣系統的拓撲和容量是由製造商定義的，它們可以集成在模塊和專有的範圍內，使得與現有設備解決兼容問題變得更加困難。這些模塊化設備通常實施長途運輸，可以讓設備暴露在外，或遭受振動和顛簸，可能會影響這些設備的最終性能。
（四）開發商的交付
隨着數據中心房地產行業在過去幾年中呈指數級增長，專注於識別，開發和營銷數據中心的房地產開發商和房地產投資信託基金公司的數量也在增長。在這種方法中，開發人員管理這個過程，爲數據中心用戶創建可以搬遷的設施。
優勢
使用此選項，除了對特定用戶需求的輸入之外，這項工作基本上是爲數據中心業主完成的。此選項還爲業主提供了一些靈活性來考慮在各種場所建設，如綠地，改建，重建，以及推遲資本支出。數據中心開發商也可能會從數據中心的租賃、運營，以及維護協議獲益。
弱點
這種方法的主要缺點是潛在的層次要求和可靠性不一致。在簽署任何合同之前，清楚詳細地記錄需求和同行審查，將有助於保護投資以及詳細的服務水平協議。這種方法也使開發商在租賃續訂方面佔據上風。重新定位或重建數據中心是一個複雜而昂貴的過程。同樣，由於數據中心的開發週期通常會持續三到五年，因此下一個數據中心設施的預先規劃或續租幾乎將立即開始，並再次爲租賃業主提供更多的主動權。
這些方法中的每一個建設方法都有自己的優點和缺點，其優缺點顯然取決於個別項目和所有者的需求和條件。但是，瞭解這些選項以及它們對最終產品的影響，對於成功的數據中心建設過程和最終產品都將有很大的幫助。

How many optical modules do you want to use for a data center migration?

Data center migration and high-speed optical module market has been growing rapidly since the end of 2016. Its core driving force is the upgrading and new demand of overseas large-scale / super large data centers for 40G and 100G modules.

Optical module, as the core device to realize photoelectric conversion, is widely used in the data center. At the rate of more than 10G or more than 10 meters, the optical module, or the active optical cable AOC wrapped by multi-mode optical fiber and VCSEL optical module, is the only mature wiring scheme. High definition video, live broadcast, VR and other new applications promote the rapid growth of global network traffic. Cloud computing, IaaS services, big data and other emerging applications demand higher data center data transmission. Therefore, the data center needs not only continuous expansion, new construction, but also the continuous evolution of the network architecture to achieve non blocking network performance.
In the process of data center architecture evolution, resulting in new changes of optical module needs, we calculate the traditional three layer architecture, three layer architecture improved and new two tier structure analysis can be seen, with the development of network architecture, a single cabinet need light module configuration significantly increased.
1) the number of optical modules under the traditional three layer architecture is about 8.8 times the number of cabinet (8 40G light modules, 0.8 100G optical modules).
2) the number of optical modules under the improved three layer architecture is about 9.2 times the number of cabinet (8 40G optical modules, 1.2 100G optical modules).
3) two layer architecture of emerging optical module number about 44 or 48 times the number of cabinets (where 80-90% is the 10G optical module, configuration module of 8 40G or 4 100G module); from the high-end optical module needs to see, the overseas market due to the rapid development of cloud computing and other downstream applications, rapid development of firms self third party data center data center and cloud computing, network architecture to flat continuous evolution, produced strong demand for high-speed optical module. In contrast, the domestic market is still in the early stage of development due to the downstream applications, and the network traffic pressure and the data transmission demand of the data center are relatively low. Therefore, the domestic high-speed optical module market still needs to wait for the downstream applications to mature.
Data center flat is mainly used to solve data flow in Data Center (east-west). East-West data are mainly driven by cloud computing, cloud migration, IaaS virtual configuration, distributed computing, and big data (large data volume, storage and different servers). Overseas markets, such as AWS, Google and other cloud platforms, Salesforce and other professional platforms, as well as the rapid development of distributed computing and big data applications, push data center flat and generate strong demand for high-speed optical modules. In contrast, domestic downstream applications are still in the stage of market cultivation and business mode exploration. The domestic high-speed digital optical module market is expected to enter the explosive growth stage after its downstream application reaches maturity.

Website design what are the key points to be controlled?

Website design For the development of the enterprise, it is very important. There are countless websites in the Internet, which also shows the importance of the website to enterprise marketing. There are many problems in the process of setting up a business. Many enterprises ignore the existence of these problems, which results in a big problem after the completion of the station, but they don't know how to solve it. What phases are there in the process of building the station that need to be carefully controlled?

Early construction: the overall framework of the web site should be contoured
Website design requires strong practical ability. When designing the outline of a website, a general business can refer to a case or a peer website provided by a website. Here we should remind the decision-makers of the construction of the enterprise website. For the outline of the website, we must have their own new ideas, and do not imitate and copy them. Because only in the Internet to create a unique website full of personality color is the most competitive, in a word, the website must be "original".
The website address is a special consideration, most of a good domain name has been registered "rice farming" and the first, for in this area do not want to spend extra corporate website, follow two principles in the domain of choice: one is as close as possible with their own brand, such as spelling the brand with the letter, some enterprises directly on the domain name. This is good, but if the domain name is too long, the experience is not so good. Another principle is that the domain name is as short as possible, the shorter the advantage of the domain name will be fully reflected in the future website optimization.
Middle period: internal chain adjustment, navigation column, search optimization
The website probably has the outline, so it is necessary to work on the details. In general, at this time, most of the work site construction company to complete, and the enterprise responsible person only need to be "wrong" on it.
For people who have no sense of Web site, it seems that there is no clue to how to "look for things" on the site. So, here are a few small details:
1, the adjustment of the chain in the website.
The chain adjustment refers to the site of the internal links in the chain adjustment, adjustment, simple adjustment said links are to be connected to where, what is the link URL, are all pages have a link to this page? There is no death.
2. The adjustment of navigation column
Navigation column refers to the links between different pages, also known as breadcrumb navigation, linking home page, column center and content page. Users read and browse back and forth, so that website construction has a sense of hierarchy.
In the process of building a website, the navigation bar is often the first step to design the website. It is the sign of the website, and guides the customer to find the information and content needed faster. Of course, this effect is not all available in navigation columns, and it is possible to set up a navigation bar in a reasonable way.
Many people think that we should use a picture or FLASH technology in Web site navigation column content, because it will make people feel cool, but it will drag the page loading speed is not conducive to the user experience and hinder your search engine. So it is best to use text form for site navigation.
3. Search engine optimization
What will happen if a website is not promoted? The result is that you spend more than ten thousand yuan to do the website without promotion, and a production cost is only a few hundred yuan. Compared with the website that has spent 10000 yuan promotion, you are the vase, and the family website is rocking Qian Shu.
Now the website marketing concept, in fact, in the search engine optimization efforts, fully consider the website search engine search habits in the process of construction, promote the optimization process in the future, save a lot of effort, is conducive to the rapid increase in the short term ranking website.
Late Construction: content update and information management
Content updating plays an important role in the website promotion process. Continuous and stable quality updates will attract stable spiders to crawl. This will not only help the website's collection, but also have a great impact on the rankings.

如何做好機房建置的容量規劃

機房建置的容量規劃是一門科學，更是一門藝術。但隨着每年生成、傳輸和存儲的信息量呈幾何級數上升，即使建造規模再大的數據中心，也只是一個暫時的解決方案。儘管數據擴展的廣度和速度至關重要，但如何配置和連接數據中心的擴展單元同樣重要，而且往往被忽視。

數據中心運營商的首要任務是最大限度地提高供應商、雲用戶和雲交付服務的正常運行時間。由於數據量和用戶範圍廣泛，這一要求變得更加重要。然而，無論供應商的承諾或其服務級別協議（SLA）的承諾是什麼，都不可能達到100%的數據中心可靠性。
擴大數據中心設施規模的一個基本要素是使用一種結構最大限度地減少某些事件的負面影響。人們將其稱爲區域劃分，將其定義爲出於具體原因將數據中心劃分爲特定區域的手段。
就雲計算應用程序以及支持它們的數據中心而言，能夠以支持硬件和網絡的應用程序進行物理分割，從而在發生服務變更時消除擴散潛力。在理想的情況下，分區架構中有兩個元素：
存儲/計算集羣
網絡節點
（1）存儲/計算集羣
集羣是支持物理數據中心網絡和硬件的一個或多個類似應用程序的集合。例如，一家企業選擇將支持單個應用程序/業務單元的組件劃分爲不同的單元或集羣。該部門的目的是促進技術人員在儘可能最短的時間內識別、診斷和糾正問題。
（2）網絡節點
部署在數據中心建築物內的網絡節點爲一個或多個數據大廳提供網絡連接支持。每個節點可以支持多個集羣。這些功能結合起來可以最大限度地減少故障的負面影響。例如，在節點支持的多集羣配置中，一個或多個集羣的故障將僅限於該節點，從而使其餘的集羣能夠繼續運營而不中斷。
網狀網絡通常與機架和它們所在設備之間的連接性和冗餘性相關聯，其中包括服務器、存儲設備、交換機或節點（通常是機架頂部）。從數據中心的角度來看，網間聯網的概念是相似的。然而，在這種情況下，網絡節點支持的每個集羣之間以及單個或多個建築物內的節點之間存在互連。爲了實現這個級別的互聯網絡，每個設施的網絡節點需要通過多個管道路徑、光纖入口孔和相關入口點來提供服務，向每個建築物提供光纖連接，並提供支持所需的通道。
這種結構對雲計算提供商的主要好處是能夠在單個網絡節點內隔離和遏制服務中斷事件的影響，而不會影響建築物內其他集羣支持的應用程序/業務單元。從企業的收入和聲譽的角度來看，這種方法爲依賴最長正常運行時間的應用程序提供了理想的支持基礎設施。實際上，連接硬件的網狀網絡和連接集羣、網絡節點、數據大廳和建築物的網狀結構協同工作，以提供雲計算提供商和/或XaaS交付應用所需的高度可靠性。
互連網絡實現的基本要求是使用標準功率特定增量或“塊”的結構。例如，假設一個1MW的塊。數據大廳中的每個區塊或一組區塊具有獨立的MEP標識，其自身的消防區必須由多個光纖孔提供服務，並且包括多個入口點（POE）。這提供了連接集羣、節點、數據大廳和建築物所需的所需光纖，以實現相互齧合的結構。
從某種意義上說，雲計算和SaaS應用程序的持續增長已經導致了各種服務消費者成爲了“一籃子雞蛋”，具有一定的風險。儘管任何服務中斷都會對數據中心用戶造成負面影響，但云計算環境中出現類似事件可能會嚴重惡化。
因此，這些服務的提供商不斷尋求實現架構，以促進劃分應用程序的能力。這可以抑制網絡攻擊和設備故障造成的任何威脅，從而抑制和最大限度地降低對客戶的下游影響。在評估可能的服務提供商時，瞭解他們的體系結構如何促進或抑制他們實現多層次遏制和連接的能力很重要。確保網絡方法與分區保持一致是考慮到企業利潤潛在損害和最終用戶滿意度的關鍵。

Data center migration, reasons for applying virtualization of data center

Data center migration, virtualization, and cloud computing technology are changing the pattern of computing technology. In order to make use of this wave of technology, enterprises need to virtualization existing physical servers, storage, network and other devices that constitute the current infrastructure.

If the enterprise is looking for ways to improve the physical data center, virtualization may provide the enterprise with the answer. People can get more information about the virtualization of the data center and understand the eight benefits of the virtualized data center.
1. speed up redeployment when one of the physical servers in the data center fails, redeployment time depends on a variety of factors. The enterprise needs the standby machine available and has the current effective image for restoring the server. Virtualization reduces these problems by using a virtual machine snapshot to redeploy the server, and does not require a downtime, which does not affect the user (ydotpub).
2. better backup, in addition to the traditional virtual server backup, can also create snapshots and backups of all virtual machines. A snapshot can be regularly implemented in a day so that the current image is deployed on other servers. The snapshot starts the machine faster than the backup, thereby minimizing the downtime.
3. a better test virtual environment provides a good test platform for new servers and applications. When the test is wrong, the snapshot can be quickly and simply restored to the older version. An enterprise can also easily create a test environment that is isolated from end-user access.
4. improving the disaster recovery of the current server and virtual machine snapshots can simplify the disaster recovery process. By including the backup (if it is a network addressing scheme of enterprise), enterprises can re create a data center in any virtual environment, even if the virtual machine hosting data center itself will failure and disaster, so companies need to obtain a more powerful disaster recovery capabilities, and ensure that business continues to run.
5. eliminating vendor locking with the emergence of new technologies brings possibilities for the abstraction of the inherent hardware and software in virtualization. The virtual environment of an enterprise can make full use of the flexibility of using new hardware or software platforms.
6. single - purpose server virtualization will not require multiple applications on a single physical server to reduce costs. Today, the e-mail, Web, and database servers of an enterprise can run on their own virtual servers. This will lead to more reliable function of the organization as a whole.
7. more easily migrated to cloud enterprises to use virtual machines instead of physical servers, making it a big step towards creating a complete cloud computing environment. Virtual machines can be used to create cloud based infrastructure and eventually be transferred to the cloud infrastructure. By using this virtualization technology, the enterprise can access all connected devices (ydotpub) at the cloud end.
8. environmental and economic benefits are virtualized, and enterprises can take advantage of the economies of scale provided by the data center and use fewer servers. This will greatly reduce the cost related to the use of cooling and electricity, reduce the carbon footprint, and make companies more attractive to environmental consumers. It can also reduce the cost of hardware. Together, these factors make virtualization a real cost saving measure and means for the enterprise.
Through all the advantages provided by virtualization, enterprises need to start migrating their data center business into virtual space. The first step in a good start is to use port virtualization technology. Enterprises may first want to virtualization several servers, but after recognizing these advantages, enterprises may be on the way of data center comprehensive virtualization.

The key points of Website design for mobile website optimization

Website design, with the rapid development of mobile Internet and the popularity of smart mobile phone, Wap mobile phone website up more gradually, mobile search optimization has become a new battlefield site SEO optimization, SEO optimization of the mobile terminal with the popularity of mobile intelligent terminal is particularly important, even the construction of many mobile phone enterprise website also seem very urgent. The initiative is to win business opportunities. What are the main points of the mobile web site optimization that need to be paid attention to? 1, mobile web site and PC web site for mobile adaptation
Today, we talk about the optimization of the mobile site, only the mobile site of the mobile phone in Baidu to do the optimization, first of all, the need for the PC side and the mobile phone end to do well. Baidu mobile engineers have said that Baidu mobile will take priority in sorting mobile terminals. Therefore, PC mobile website has more advantages than mobile terminals.

The enterprise needs to do a good job of mobile end matching, allowing users to jump to the mobile site independently when they visit the website at the mobile end. Now, the Baidu stationmaster platform has opened the mobile terminal and the PC side. Only need to operate according to the method provided by Baidu stationmaster.
2, the TDK attribute difference between the PC end and the mobile end
The content of the PC - side web site is far more than the content of the mobile site. Therefore, the mobile site needs to be accurate and concise. The SEO optimization of the mobile site needs to refer to the Baidu mobile search specification instead of copying the PC side.
The difference between the mobile end and the PC end TDK is mainly on the character. If more than 24 of the Title in the Baidu mobile search results page are truncated, it is suggested that it is best not to exceed 17 Chinese characters.
3. The link structure of the website
For mobile web sites, more emphasis is placed on the good link structure of the web site. Good link structure not only includes website navigation and user experience, but also lets customers conveniently view contents, and also makes spiders easier to crawl and crawl.
So on the link hierarchy, it is suggested that the link level do not exceed the 2 layer structure. Moreover, the web site link URL should use a short, static link, which helps the search engine to capture and judge web pages more effectively.
4, make more use of station platform tools to diagnose the website problem
At present, the domestic Baidu, 360, Sogou, and the Google abroad are free to provide station platform. When it comes to the website problem, the station platform will diagnose the site problem. Therefore, we need to make reasonable and full use of webmaster tools to make a website diagnosis, so as to ensure the good results of the website.
For example, mobile adaptation can directly submit the matching relationship and speed up the ability to identify and judge the search engine.
5, URL link 301 jump
Baidu has strictly explained that the PC end 301 does not apply to the mobile terminal, including these shielding spiders, such as robots. Therefore, we need to do a good job of URL link 301 jump and robots file blocking spider grabbing at the mobile end.
Baidu mobile search adaptation is not only the 031 jump of URL links, but also the adjustment and layout of its content structure, because there are differences between PC terminal content layout and mobile terminal content layout.

機房建置實現高效運維的祕訣

機房建置，隨着2017年中國“量子衛星”“量子計算機”等重大科研技術的突破，2018年雲計算進入2.0的飛速發展時代，智慧城市信息化建設、應用數據量的井噴，使數據中心基礎設施的迅速落地建設、爲用戶提供高效節能的雲設施服務。數據中心運維管理工作作爲數據中心持續運行重點保障任務，其工作範疇涉及多門學科，需要合理的運維體系和具有創新性、愛專研的運維團隊來爲後續運維工作奠定基礎。

同時，雲計算2.0高密度虛擬化架構化，越來越依賴於基礎設施的支撐，對數據中基礎設施的可靠性、持續性、大功率、時效性、模塊化、自動化等提出了更高的挑戰性，數據中心需要實現高效運維。那麼如何實現？

首先，我們要明確數據中心運維管理對象。

數據中心運維對象包含了機房基礎設施、IT設備、系統和數據、運維管理工具、運維人員等。

其次，我們要設立有效管理的目標。

數據中心運維管理過程是數據中心全生命週期中最後一個階段，也是歷時最長的一個階段，數據中心運維管理也是依託於已交付的數據中心基礎設施之上。通過有效的管理，最終使數據中心得以實現服務與經濟上的目標，實現運維管理的持續性、時效性、標準性、安全性和可用性5大目標。

然後，我們要明確運維團隊的工作職責與需要掌握的技能。

由於數據中心的持續性特性，需要由7*24小時運維人員進行技術支持運維服務，運維團隊主要職責是持續保障數據中心運行相關的基礎設施系統設備穩定連續運行，並掌握數據中心各類設備的工作原理、操作方法、初步故障排查診斷的技能。

因此，組建一支高綜合水平的運維團隊是做好數據中心運維管理工作的根本，運維團隊的建設就會變成運維管理工作中非常重要的一項工作內容。

下面我們重點講述運維團隊的建設。

一、運維措施

“人”

數據中心高精度設備、複雜的系統對運維人員技術提出了新的要求，需要人員必須掌握專業所需的技能，週期性對運維人員的日常工作規範化運維操作、應急響應、故障排查進行開展技術培訓和演練，通過演練總結經驗，完善、運維指標、運維技術標準、應急流程，提高團隊綜合應急響應能力。

“體系”

根據ISO9000質量管理體系標準，建立設施運行、系統巡查、數據採集、指標測試標準化等標準化記錄表單、完善設備運行管理、使運維質量管理制度化、體系化，提高運維品質，定期對運行管理制度進行經驗總結，修正歸檔、統一發布的流程標準管理方法。

運維體系是運維的基石，根據ISO2000 IT服務管理體系建立數據中心ITSM（IT Service Management）IT服務管理流程，對各設備、系統操作流程、應急響應流程進行設計、建設，通過對運維體系的建設、提高IT運維服務質量，降低設施事件發生的頻率和影響，對運維成員流程文件輸入、輸出的理論培訓、實操培訓，使流程不“固化”，流程更清晰、責任分工更明確，考覈量化，文檔規範化等。

“制度”

依據運維體系和指標對運維人員的工作行爲和取到的工作成績進行評估，並運用評估結果爲運維人員後續的工作和工作成績進行正面的引導。重點對人員的指標完成度、創新性進行觀察、挖掘引導潛在的運維潛力。在運維工作方面主要體現在運維保障上，確保服務的可用性、安全性和服務體系流程的標準化實施。通過周度、月度報表內維護量、故障量等數據進行工作量、工作效率進行評估。

“預警”

數據中心監控系統是現代信息化數據中心運行監控指揮控制中心平臺，通過數據採集、數據處理、數據存儲、數據展示、數據預警的方式進行對現場環境設備、網絡、溫溼度、電量、開關、設備運行狀態、壓力、能源信息進行集中化實施展示分析。根據容量計算算法對機櫃配電容量、冷卻容量、裝機量進行預警、評估、擴容優化。通過平臺數據接口二次開發將預警數據進行實施傳輸到運維人員工作通訊羣等平臺，實現了運行數據信息共享化、預警信息實時化。讓溝通簡單化、避免“信息孤島”等低效率現象，降低溝通成本、提高溝通效率的成果。

“測試”

數據中心繫統測試是運維工作中至關重要的環節。系統測試驗證是測試數據中心繫統設計、安裝、功能、調試是否與設計意圖相符合的一個重要過程，是設施獲得良好功能和可靠性運行過程中的重要組成部分，一個好的測試驗證不應僅滿足“測試”相關的設備功能指標，更重要的是“驗證”系統是否可以滿足運行階段的要求。

運維人員也應利用測試驗證的過程熟悉在管理設備的狀態和運行指標，驗證設備操作標準流程的可操作性，提高實際過程中操作和應對突發事件的運維經驗。

“容量管理”

隨着數據中心各式各樣的非標用戶的進入，通過專業知識及運維管理經驗對客戶提出的非標改造需求、對方案進行容量分析計算、佈局規劃、改造實施、功能測試、驗收交付的過程，針對容量管理計算使用流體動力學CFD技術進行熱仿真分析、對機櫃進行合理佈局、氣流組織改善、機櫃裝機量分析驗證。

對機房客戶改造項目通過使用BIM技術進行佈局，BIM是在項目全生命週期內，使用富含信息的三維模型作業中心數據庫，在項目相關干係人之間共同進行創建、檢查和溝通協調項目信息的一個過程。

BIM過程管理是一次對於傳統的項目工作流線性模式的大轉型。BIM的項目生命全週期鼓勵項目團隊全體成員在全生命週期內進行合作，BIM還提供了信息丟失時候、無縫溝通的平臺，使項目團隊能夠在早期進行重大決策，提高生產率、提高項目質量和進行持續性建設大道重要方向。

“運維管理”

通過不停的學習有效的管理思路，運維團隊建立即時通訊溝通平臺，在工作中實施，“走動式管理”、“PDCA”（即計劃（plan）、執行（do）、檢查（check）、調整（Action）），定期帶着問題對現場進行巡視、發現問題糾正問題和了解現場存在的問題和不完善的細節等問題，定期與員工進行交流，鼓勵大家對工作提出好的建議，在即時通訊平臺進行及時溝通，最大程度做到專人負責責任制，跟進問題的整改檢查和後續的持續完善的循環管理方法，減少“報喜不報憂”的不良現象。

二、運維計劃

通過運維“三控、三管、一協調”措施對運維工作的運維成本、運維品質、運維效率進行目標控制，對運維安全、代維服務商、信息進行管理，對運維各技術小組運維工作的協作協調。加強對團隊各小組人員安全培訓、技術實施培訓，技術文件的規範化、週期性的演練、團隊建設。